TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes strongly scented; odor generally disagreeable
Leaves simple, pinnately lobed, or compound; petioles sometimes sheathing; basal ± whorled; cauline opposite, petioled to sessile
Inflorescence: cyme, panicle, or head-like, generally ± dense
Flowers generally bisexual; calyx fused to ovary top, limb 0 or highly modified (if present, lobes generally 515, coiled inward, becoming plumose, pappus-like, spreading in fruit); corolla radial to 2-lipped, lobes generally 5, throat generally > lobes, > tube, base generally spurred or swollen, tube slender, long or short; stamens generally 13, epipetalous; ovary inferior, chamber generally 1 (sometimes 3 but 2 empty or vestigial)
Fruit: achene, smooth, ribbed, or winged
Genera in family: ± 17 genera, 300 species: generally temp, worldwide except Australia. Some species cultivated (Centranthus ), some medicinal (Valeriana )
Reference: [Ferguson 1965 J Arnold Arbor 46:218225]
Annual, glabrous
Stem generally erect, 580 cm, generally angled, simple or few-branched
Leaves simple, basal and cauline, opposite, generally entire; basal short-petioled, spoon-shaped; cauline generally sessile, oblong, ovate, or obovate
Inflorescence clustered, head-like or interrupted spike, terminal
Flower: calyx 0; corolla 2-lipped to ± radial and funnel-shaped, white to dark pink, tube generally spurred at base; stamens 3
Fruit: achene; body ± triangular, 24 mm, strongly winged or not, wings lateral, wide, ± glabrous to densely hairy
Species in genus: 5 species: w North America, sw South America
Etymology: (Greek: spur)
Reference: [Morey 1962 PhD thesis, Stanford U]
Self-compatible; large-flowered taxa cross- and self-pollinated, small flowered taxa self-pollinated. Wing shape, color, hairiness vary in some species
Native |
Flower: corolla 1.58.5 mm, pink or dark pink, 2-lipped, lower lip with 2 red spots; spur slender, pointed
Fruit: convex side of body grooved lengthwise, winged; wing hairs in vertical bands especially near body, wing margin thick, generally grooved lengthwise
Chromosomes: 2n=32
Ecology: Common. Open, partly shaded slopes
Elevation: < 1700 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except North Coast)
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Arizona, n Baja California
Native |
Flower: corolla 3.58.5 mm; spur 1/2+ corolla length, > ovary
Ecology: Habitat of sp.
Elevation: < 1100 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except North Coast, Southwestern California)
Distribution outside California: to Washington
Synonyms: P. californica (Suksd.) Dyal var c.; P. macroptera (Suksd.) Rydb. var. m
Horticultural information: TRY.