TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Tree or shrub, monoecious, evergreen
Stem: young crown conic; twig not grooved, resinous, generally persistent
Leaves simple, generally alternate, sometimes in bundles or appearing ± 2-ranked, linear or awl-like; bases decurrent, sometimes woody, persistent several years
Pollen cone generally < 6 cm, not woody, deciduous
Seed cone generally woody; bracts, scales generally persistent; scale not peltate, fused to or free from subtending bract
Seeds 2, on upper side of scale base
Genera in family: 10 genera, 193 species: mostly n hemisphere; many of great commercial value, supplying > half of world's timber
Reference: [Price 1989 J Arnold Arbor 70:247305]
Stem: young crown conic, mature crown often rounded or flat; branches ± whorled in young plants; young bark smooth, mature bark furrowed; bud ± conic, generally resinous
Leaves generally 2.535 cm, generally sessile, in bundles of 15; bundles solitary in axils of alternate, awl-like bracts, each bundle enclosed at base in a sometimes deciduous sheath of bracts, generally persistent several seasons
Seed cones often whorled, generally maturing and opening 2nd season, sometimes persistent on stem; stalk 0 or < 16 cm; bract included, fused to scale, minute; scale tip reflexed and elongated 37 cm, or often with a rounded or angled, often prickled knob < 3 cm
Seed: coat hard, sometimes woody
Chromosomes: 2n=24 for all reports
Species in genus: 94 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Latin: pine)
Reference: [Millar & Critchfield 1988 Madroño 35:3953]
Native |
Stem: trunk < 35 m, < 1.5 m wide; bark yellow-brown, shallowly furrowed; mature crown short, conic or flat-topped
Leaves 3 per bundle, 712 cm, generally > 2 mm thick, dark green; sheath persistent
Seed cone spreading, generally 59 cm, ovoid, symmetric, reddish purple to purple-black until mature; stalk > 1 cm, persistent with basal scales; scale tips prickled
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Subalpine, red-fir forests
Elevation: < 2700 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: Oregon, w Nevada
Horticultural information: DRN, SUN: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 15 &IRR: 3, 7, 14, 18.