TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(27); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1278]
Annual, biennial, perennial herb, generally from taproot
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, generally pinnately toothed to lobed
Inflorescence: spike, raceme-like, or flowers in axils of upper, reduced leaves
Flower radial, generally opening at dusk; sepals 4, reflexed in flower (sometimes 23 remaining adherent); petals 4, yellow, white, rose, or ± purple, generally fading orangish to purplish, tip notched or toothed; stamens 8, anthers attached at middle; ovary chambers 4, stigma deeply lobed, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated (or ± = anthers and self-pollinated)
Fruit cylindric to 4-winged, straight to curved, generally sessile (base sometimes seedless, stalk-like)
Seeds in generally 2(13) rows per chamber, or clustered
Species in genus: 119 species: Am, some widely naturalized
Etymology: (Greek: wine-scented)
Reference: [Dietrich & Wagner 1988 Syst Bot Monogr 24:191]
Many species self-pollinated; some of these have chromosome peculiarities (ring of 14 in meiosis) and ± 50% pollen fertility; they yield genetically ± identical offspring; they are identified as Permanent Translocation Heterozygote.
Native |
Biennial, short-lived perennial herb, densely minutely strigose and (especially in inflorescence) glandular; hairs also long, appressed to spreading, sometimes with red, blister-like bases
Stem erect, 425 dm
Leaves: cauline 425 cm, oblanceolate to lanceolate or elliptic, generally dentate to subentire
Inflorescence: spike
Flower: hypanthium 2048(55) mm; sepals 2748 mm, free tips in bud 17 mm; petals 2552 mm, yellow fading reddish orange
Fruit 2065 mm, 47 mm wide, narrowly lanceolate, ± straight
Seed 12 mm, angled, irregularly pitted
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Moist places
Elevation: 02800 m.
Bioregional distribution: California
Distribution outside California: w N.America to C.America
Generally cross-pollinated. 3 subspp., 2 in CA.
Native |
Stem 1025 dm
Flower: sepals green or red-flushed, hairs glandular or not, also spreading and sometimes with red, blister-like bases, free tips in bud 36 mm; anthers 815 mm
Ecology: Moist places, generally inland
Elevation: < 2800 m.
Bioregional distribution: California
Distribution outside California: w US, nw Mexico
Synonyms: O. hookeri Torr. & A. Gray subspp. angustifolia (Gates) Munz, grisea (Bartlett) Munz, and venusta (Bartlett) Munz
Several intergrading forms
Horticultural information: SUN: 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, &IRR: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; INV; STBL.