TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, shrub, generally hairy, generally taprooted
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves simple to pinnately compound, basal or cauline, alternate or opposite; stipules 0
Inflorescence: cyme (generally raceme-like and coiled) or flowers solitary
Flower bisexual, generally radial; calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, rotate to cylindric, lobes generally 5, appendages in pairs on tube between filaments or 0; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, filament base sometimes appendaged, appendages scale-like; ovary generally superior, chamber 1, placentas 2, parietal, enlarged into chamber, sometimes meeting so ovary appears 25-chambered, styles 12, stigmas generally head-like
Fruit: capsule, generally loculicidal; valves generally 2
Genera in family: 20 genera, 300 species: especially w US; some cultivated (Emmenanthe, Nemophila, Phacelia )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to be included in an expanded Boraginaceae (also including Lennoaceae) [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531553; Olmstead et al. 2000 Mol Phylog Evol 16:96112]
Annual
Stem simple to openly branched, prostrate to erect, fleshy, brittle, angled or winged, glabrous to generally bristly
Leaves simple, cauline, opposite or alternate; petiole generally bristly-ciliate; blade pinnately toothed or lobed, generally bristly, upper generally reduced
Inflorescence: flowers solitary in axils or opposite leaves; pedicels longer in fruit, recurved
Flower: calyx bell-shaped to rotate, sinuses generally with spreading or reflexed appendages; corolla bell-shaped to rotate, white, blue, or purple, sometimes spotted or marked; stamens included; ovary chamber 1, style 1, generally lobed 1/31/2
Fruit generally 27 mm wide, spheric to ovoid, hairy, generally enclosed by calyx
Seeds ovoid, smooth, wrinkled or pitted, with a conic, colorless appendage at 1 end
Species in genus: 11 species: se US, w North America
Etymology: (Greek: woodland-loving)
Reference: [Constance 1941 Univ CA Publ Bot 19:341398]
Native |
Leaves opposite, 530 mm; petiole winged, > blade; lower blades oblong to round, base tapered, obtuse, lobes 35, shallow, generally entire; upper blades oblanceolate to widely tapered, teeth 35, shallow, triangular, generally entire
Inflorescence: pedicels 38 mm in flower, < 30 mm in fruit
Flower: calyx lobes 25 mm, appendages 12 mm; corolla 28 mm, 210 mm wide, bowl-shaped, white or blue, generally veined, dotted, lobes sometimes purple-spotted; filaments < corolla tube, anthers < 2 mm; style < 2 mm, tip lobed
Seeds 57, brown, smooth but shallowly pitted
Chromosomes: n=9
Ecology: Meadows, roadsides, slopes
Elevation: 11003200 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Cascade Range, s Sierra Nevada Foothills, High Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Western Transverse Ranges, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: w Nevada
Horticultural information: TRY.