TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, shrub, glabrous to hairy, generally aromatic
Stems generally erect, generally 4-angled
Leaves generally simple to deeply lobed, opposite, generally gland-dotted
Inflorescence: cyme, generally clustered around stem, head-like, separated by evident internodes (terminal in Monardella ) or collectively crowded, spike-like to panicle-like (sometimes raceme or flowers 212); subtended by leaves or bracts; flowers sessile or pedicelled
Flower generally bisexual; calyx generally 5-lobed, radial to bilateral; corolla generally bilateral, 12-lipped, upper lip entire or 2-lobed, ± flat to hood-like, sometimes 0, lower lip generally 3-lobed; stamens generally 4, generally exserted, paired, pairs unequal, sometimes 2, staminodes 2 or 0; ovary superior, generally 4-lobed to base, chambers 2, ovules 2 per chamber, style 1, arising from center at junction of lobes, stigmas generally 2
Fruit: nutlets 4, generally ovoid to oblong, smooth
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 5500 species: worldwide. Many cultivated for herbs, oils (Lavandula , lavender; Mentha , mint; Ocimum , basil; Rosmarinus , rosemary; Thymus , thyme), some cultivated as ornamental (in CA Cedronella , Leonotis , Phlomis )
Reference: [Cantino & Sanders 1986 Syst Bot 11:163185]
Annual, perennial herb, ± gland-dotted
Leaves entire to serrate
Inflorescence: heads 1 or more per main stem, sometimes arrayed in spikes or panicles; bracts in 23 series (outer series (0)12 pairs, ± like leaves, 0several mm below heads, erect to reflexed; middle series 24 pairs, like leaves to papery or leathery, sometimes straw-colored to purple, erect in cup-like involucre to reflexed; inner series 0few pairs, membranous, linear-lanceolate)
Flower: calyx 5-lobed, generally < 12 mm; corolla white to purple, upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip recurved, 3-lobed; stamens 4; style unequally 2-lobed
Species in genus: ± 20 species: w North America
Etymology: (Latin: small Monarda )
Reference: [Epling 1925 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 12:1106]
Complex; hybrids common, often outnumbering non-hybrids; head width and bract orientation given for unpressed specimens
Horticultural information: often DFCLT. Many subsp., subspp., or populations have exacting soil requirements.
Native |
Perennial, matted to erect, open, rhizomed; hairs generally > 0.5 mm, soft, wavy, or woolly, glandular and not
Leaf 1030 mm, ± ovate, entire to serrate; base truncate to obtuse or tapered; lower surface glandular-hairy, woolly or not
Inflorescence: head 2040 mm wide; bracts 1030 mm, reflexed; outer and middle bracts like leaves in texture, color, hairiness (or innermost of middle series ± scarious below)
Flower: calyx shaggy-glandular-hairy; corolla 1018 mm, obtuse, purple, pink, or white
Ecology: Rocky slopes, ephemeral drainages, oak woodland, chaparral, montane forest
Elevation: < 1300 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, North Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Central Western California.Sspp. distinct except where they co-occur and hybrids occupy transitional habitats.
Native |
Stem: hairs generally densely matted-white-woolly or ± 0
Leaf ovate to widely triangular-ovate, thick, entire to serrate; lower surface white-woolly, veins sunken, base generally truncate
Inflorescence: heads large, many-flowered
Chromosomes: 2n=40,44
Ecology: Coastal scrub, woodland
Elevation: < 400 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area
Synonyms: var. f. (Elmer) Epling
Horticultural information: DRN: 17 &IRR: 15, 16 &SHD: 8, 14, 22, 23, 24.