LAMIACEAE

MINT FAMILY

Dieter H. Wilken, except as specifed

Annual, perennial herb, shrub, glabrous to hairy, generally aromatic
Stems generally erect, generally 4-angled
Leaves generally simple to deeply lobed, opposite, generally gland-dotted
Inflorescence: cyme, generally clustered around stem, head-like, separated by evident internodes (terminal in Monardella ) or collectively crowded, spike-like to panicle-like (sometimes raceme or flowers 2–12); subtended by leaves or bracts; flowers sessile or pedicelled
Flower generally bisexual; calyx generally 5-lobed, radial to bilateral; corolla generally bilateral, 1–2-lipped, upper lip entire or 2-lobed, ± flat to hood-like, sometimes 0, lower lip generally 3-lobed; stamens generally 4, generally exserted, paired, pairs unequal, sometimes 2, staminodes 2 or 0; ovary superior, generally 4-lobed to base, chambers 2, ovules 2 per chamber, style 1, arising from center at junction of lobes, stigmas generally 2
Fruit: nutlets 4, generally ovoid to oblong, smooth
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 5500 species: worldwide. Many cultivated for herbs, oils (Lavandula , lavender; Mentha , mint; Ocimum , basil; Rosmarinus , rosemary; Thymus , thyme), some cultivated as ornamental (in CA Cedronella , Leonotis , Phlomis )
Reference: [Cantino & Sanders 1986 Syst Bot 11:163–185]

MONARDELLA

James D. Jokerst

Annual, perennial herb, ± gland-dotted
Leaves entire to serrate
Inflorescence: heads 1 or more per main stem, sometimes arrayed in spikes or panicles; bracts in 2–3 series (outer series (0)1–2 pairs, ± like leaves, 0–several mm below heads, erect to reflexed; middle series 2–4 pairs, like leaves to papery or leathery, sometimes straw-colored to purple, erect in cup-like involucre to reflexed; inner series 0–few pairs, membranous, linear-lanceolate)
Flower: calyx 5-lobed, generally < 12 mm; corolla white to purple, upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip recurved, 3-lobed; stamens 4; style unequally 2-lobed
Species in genus: ± 20 species: w North America
Etymology: (Latin: small Monarda )
Reference: [Epling 1925 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 12:1–106]
Complex; hybrids common, often outnumbering non-hybrids; head width and bract orientation given for unpressed specimens
Horticultural information: often DFCLT. Many subsp., subspp., or populations have exacting soil requirements.

Native

M. purpurea Howell

SISKIYOU MONARDELLA

Perennial, erect, open, ± glabrous
Stem 10–40 cm, dark purple, shiny; internodes generally = or > leaves
Leaf 15–30 mm, oblong-lanceolate, shiny, deep green, leathery; margin rolled under, serrate or not
Inflorescence: head 15–25 mm wide, obscurely gland-dotted; outer bracts sometimes not much like leaves; middle bracts ± ovate, leathery, purple-tinged
Flower: calyx 6–8 mm, lobes long-pointed, purple, stiff-hairy, obscurely gland-dotted; corolla 12–14 mm, exserted, rose or purple, lobes > 1/2 tube
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Rocky slopes, often serpentine or related bedrock, chaparral, woodland, montane forest
Elevation: 400–1400 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges
Distribution outside California: Oregon
Synonyms: M. odoratissima subsp. neglecta (Greene) Epling
Hybrids with M. villosa (common in SnFrB and SCoRO, with leaves ovate to triangular, ± glabrous) have been called M. villosa var. subglabra Hoover; also hybridizes with M. glauca in KR; much like M. follettii.
Horticultural information: DRN: 6 &IRR: 7, 15, 16, 17 &SHD: 8, 9, 14, 18; DFCLT.