| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb, generally densely glandular, aromatic
Stems 1–several, generally simple below, ± branched above
Leaves generally opposite below, alternate above, generally linear to lanceolate, entire to slightly toothed
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, generally peduncled, few–many; phyllaries generally 1–20, free, enclosing (and falling with) ray achenes; receptacle ± flat, generally glabrous; chaff scales generally ± fused, in ring between ray and disk flowers
Ray flowers generally 1–20, sometimes minute; ligules 2–3-lobed, generally yellow
Disk flowers 1–many, sometimes staminate; corollas yellow or maroon; anther tips triangular-ovate; style tips linear to oblong, acute, bristly
Fruit club-shaped or obovoid; ray achenes compressed, thickened, or 3-angled (1 angle toward center of head), ridged, sometimes beaked; pappus 0 or of short scales; disk achenes ± symmetric; pappus 0 or of 4–10 scales or bristles
Species in genus: 21 species: w North America, sw South America
Recent taxonomic note: *See revised taxonomy of Baldwin 1999 Novon 9:462–471.
Etymology: (Chilean name)
Reference: [Nelson & Nelson 1980 Brittonia 32:323–325]
| Native |
Annual 1.5–8(12) dm, strongly ill-scented
Stems simple below or with stiff ascending branches, very leafy, soft-hairy to ± bristly, especially below, stalked-glandular above; glands yellow
Leaves 2–10 cm, mostly cauline, often with axillary clusters, generally ascending, loosely strigose, often bristly-ciliate; upper glandular
Inflorescence: heads discoid or inconspicuously radiate, ± sessile to short-peduncled, in dense cymes or panicle-like clusters; involucre (including chaff) 5.5–9 mm, narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes curved; phyllaries 0–3, soft-hairy or ± bristly, ± glandular, tips flat; chaff scales 1–few, free, ± like phyllaries
Ray flowers 0–3; corolla tubes 1–3.5 mm, ligules 1.5–3 mm, greenish yellow or purple-tinged
Disk flowers 1–5(12), fertile; corollas 3–4.5 mm; anthers black
Fruits alike, 4–6 mm, oblanceolate, compressed side-to-side, glabrous, black; beak 0; pappus 0
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Ecology: Forest openings
Elevation: 1050–2700 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Klamath Ranges (Trinity Alps), Cascade Range, n&c High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, South Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico
Flowering time: Jul–Sep
Naturalized in NCo, n SCoR.