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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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FABACEAE

LEGUME FAMILY

Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 1–2 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1–many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1–many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1–several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.

LUPINUS

LUPINE

Rhonda Riggins (annual) and Teresa Sholars (perennial herbs to shrubs)

Annual to shrubs; cotyledons generally petioled, withering early
Stem generally erect
Leaves palmately compound in CA, generally cauline; stipules fused to petiole; leaflets 3–17, generally oblanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: raceme; flowers spiraled or whorled; bracts generally deciduous
Flower: calyx 2-lipped, lobes entire or toothed, generally appendaged between lobes; banner centrally grooved, sides reflexed, wing tips slightly fused, keel generally pointed; stamens 10, filaments fused, 5 long with short anthers, 5 short with long anthers; style brushy
Fruit dehiscent, generally oblong
Seeds 2–12, generally smooth
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America, w South America to e US, also tropical South America, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: wolf, from mistaken idea that plants rob soil of nutrients)
Some cultivated for fodder, green manure, edible seed, ornamental; some naturalized from CA in e North America, South America, Australia, s Africa; some (e.g. L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus ) have alkaloids (especially in seeds, fruits, young herbage) TOXIC to livestock (especially sheep)
Reference: [Barneby 1989 Intermountain Flora 3(B):237–267]
Infl length does not include peduncle
Horticultural information: Many lupine taxa need seed pre-treatment (scarification, stratification, inoculation) for successful germination.

Native

L. lepidus Lindl.

DWARF LUPINE

Perennial < 6 dm, matted, hairy
Stem 0 or prostrate to ± erect
Leaves generally basal; stipules 3–25 mm; petiole 2–10 cm; leaflets 5–8, 5–40 mm
Inflorescence < 30 cm, generally dense; peduncle < 14 cm; pedicel 1–3 mm; bracts 4–15 mm, persistent
Flower 6–11 mm; calyx upper lip 3–7 mm, entire to 2-toothed, lower lip 4–7 mm, entire to 3-toothed; petals pink, violet, or blue, banner back glabrous, upper keel margins ciliate, lower keel margins glabrous
Fruit 1–2 cm, hairy
Seeds 2–4, 2–4 mm, ± mottled tan or green to brown
Ecology: Montane to alpine open places
Elevation: 1500–4000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, High Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Western Transverse Ranges, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Montana, Colorado
Variable complex best characterized by habit, inflorescence, bracts, habitats. Other vars. throughout w North America.

Native

var. lobbii (S. Watson) C.L. Hitchc.

Plant < 10 cm, hairy to shaggy
Stem prostrate
Leaves generally basal
Inflorescence 2–8 cm, partly < leaves; bracts 5–6 mm
Flower 6–10 mm; banner patch white
Ecology: Dry rocks, meadows
Elevation: 2000–3500 m.
Bioregional distribution: c High Sierra Nevada, East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Nevada
Flowering time: Jun–Aug
Synonyms: L. lobbii S. Watson; L. lyalli A. Gray including var. danaus (A. Gray) S. Watson
Horticultural information: TRY.

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