TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 12 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.
Annual to shrubs; cotyledons generally petioled, withering early
Stem generally erect
Leaves palmately compound in CA, generally cauline; stipules fused to petiole; leaflets 317, generally oblanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: raceme; flowers spiraled or whorled; bracts generally deciduous
Flower: calyx 2-lipped, lobes entire or toothed, generally appendaged between lobes; banner centrally grooved, sides reflexed, wing tips slightly fused, keel generally pointed; stamens 10, filaments fused, 5 long with short anthers, 5 short with long anthers; style brushy
Fruit dehiscent, generally oblong
Seeds 212, generally smooth
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America, w South America to e US, also tropical South America, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: wolf, from mistaken idea that plants rob soil of nutrients)
Some cultivated for fodder, green manure, edible seed, ornamental; some naturalized from CA in e North America, South America, Australia, s Africa;some (e.g . L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus ) have alkaloids (especially in seeds, fruits, young herbage) TOXIC to livestock (especially sheep)
Reference: [Barneby 1989 Intermountain Flora 3(B):237267]
Infl length does not include peduncle
Horticultural information: Many lupine taxa need seed pre-treatment (scarification, stratification, inoculation) for successful germination.
Native |
Perennial 324 dm, green, glabrous to hairy
Stem erect
Leaves cauline; stipules 510 mm; petiole 420 cm; leaflets 511, 40100 mm, upper surface glabrous to hairy, lower surface ± hairy
Inflorescence 1660 cm, open; peduncle 820 cm; pedicel 212 mm; flowers whorled or not; bracts 812 mm, deciduous
Flower 818 mm; calyx upper lip 510 mm, entire to 2-toothed, lower lip 48 mm, entire or notched; petals blue or purple to white; banner back glabrous, patch generally white to yellowish turning purple, upper keel margins ciliate from claw to middle, lower keel margins generally ciliate
Fruit 24.5 cm, ± densely hairy
Seeds 610, 34 mm, mottled dark brown
Ecology: Common. Generally moist areas in woodlands, shady to open areas
Elevation: < 3500 m.
Bioregional distribution: California (except Great Central Valley, Desert)
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Utah, Arizona, Baja California
Synonyms: L. rivularis Lindl. in part
TOXIC: causes birth defects in livestock .
Native |
Stem strigose
Flower 810 mm
Ecology: Moist areas
Elevation: 10002000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau
Horticultural information: TRY.