TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 12 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.
Annual to shrubs; cotyledons generally petioled, withering early
Stem generally erect
Leaves palmately compound in CA, generally cauline; stipules fused to petiole; leaflets 317, generally oblanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: raceme; flowers spiraled or whorled; bracts generally deciduous
Flower: calyx 2-lipped, lobes entire or toothed, generally appendaged between lobes; banner centrally grooved, sides reflexed, wing tips slightly fused, keel generally pointed; stamens 10, filaments fused, 5 long with short anthers, 5 short with long anthers; style brushy
Fruit dehiscent, generally oblong
Seeds 212, generally smooth
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America, w South America to e US, also tropical South America, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: wolf, from mistaken idea that plants rob soil of nutrients)
Some cultivated for fodder, green manure, edible seed, ornamental; some naturalized from CA in e North America, South America, Australia, s Africa;some (e.g . L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus ) have alkaloids (especially in seeds, fruits, young herbage) TOXIC to livestock (especially sheep)
Reference: [Barneby 1989 Intermountain Flora 3(B):237267]
Infl length does not include peduncle
Horticultural information: Many lupine taxa need seed pre-treatment (scarification, stratification, inoculation) for successful germination.
Native |
Annual (may live 2 seasons in NCo), 14 dm, hairy
Leaf: petiole 17 cm; leaflets 57, 1040 mm, 15 mm wide, sometimes linear, upper surface generally (sub)glabrous
Inflorescence 18 cm; whorls (0) generally 5; peduncle 310 cm; bracts 46 mm, deciduous; pedicels 13.5 mm
Flower 410 mm; calyx upper lip 24 mm, deeply lobed, lower lip 46 mm; petals generally blue (rarely light blue, pink, or white), banner spot white, becoming magenta, keel whitish, generally pointed, upper keel margins generally ciliate near tip
Fruit 13 cm, 36 mm wide, hairy
Seeds 58
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: Abundant. Open or disturbed areas
Elevation: < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Baja California, naturalized in Arizona
Synonyms: subspp. marginatus D.B. Dunn, microphyllus (S. Watson) D.B. Dunn, pipersmithii (A. Heller) D.B. Dunn, tridentatus (C.P. Sm.) D.B. Dunn, and umbellatus (Greene) D.B. Dunn; vars. rostratus (Eastw.) Jeps. and trifidus (S. Watson) C.P. Sm.; L. congdonii (C.P. Sm.) D.B. Dunn; L. polycarpus Greene; L. micranthus Guss. misapplied
Highly variable, needs study; named subspp. and vars. ± indistinct in geography, morphology. Vigorous plants with larger flowers may be confused with L. nanus
Horticultural information: SUN, DRN: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; STBL.