| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, biennial, perennial herb (rarely shrub, tree), often from taproot
Stem often ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow
Leaves basal and generally some cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, sometimes compound
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present (in involucres) or not; bractlets generally present (in involucels)
Flowers many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small, atop ovary; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform on top subtending 2 free styles
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves that separate from each other but generally remain attached for some time to a central axis; ribs on each half 5, 2 marginal and 3 on back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs
Genera in family: 300 genera, 3,000 species: ± worldwide, especially temp; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); some highly toxic (e.g., Conium). Underground structures here called roots, but true nature remains problematic. Mature fruit generally critical in identification; shapes generally given in outline, followed by shape in X -section of 2 fruit halves together.
Perennial from taproot or generally deep-seated tuber, glabrous to tomentose
Stem 0 or erect, simple or branched; base fibrous (from old leaf sheaths) or not
Leaf: blade oblong to triangular-ovate or obovate, ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately dissected or compound, segments or leaflets thread-like to wide
Inflorescence: umbels compound, peduncled; bracts generally 0; bractlets generally present, 0 to conspicuous; rays, pedicels spreading to erect, often webbed at base
Flower: calyx lobes generally 0; petals wide, yellow, white, or purple, tips narrowed; projection atop ovary 0
Fruit linear to obovate, very compressed front-to-back; marginal ribs widely to narrowly thin or thick-winged, others thread-like; oil tubes per rib-interval 1–several; fruit axis divided to base
Seed: face flat to concave
Species in genus: ± 75 species: c&s North America
Etymology: (Greek: bordered, from prominent marginal fruit wing)
Reference: [Schlessman 1984 Syst Bot Monogr 4:1–55]
Fr wing width expressed as width of 1 wing, not both together.
| Native |
Plant 1.5–4 dm; taproot stout, often swollen below, carrot-like; herbage glabrous to slightly roughened, ± glaucous, ± fleshy
Stem 0 or very short; base not fibrous
Leaf: petiole 1.5–5 cm, sheath wide, scarious; blade 2.5–15 cm, oblong to obovate; 1–2-pinnate to ternate-pinnately dissected, leaflets or segments 0.8–3 cm, oblong to ovate, often crowded, generally obtuse, dentate, irregularly cut, or pinnately lobed; cauline leaves like basal, generally wholly sheathing
Inflorescence generally glabrous; peduncle 0.5–3 dm; bractlets 0 or inconspicuous; rays 3–15, 1–8 cm, ± unequal, spreading to ascending, slightly webbed; pedicels 3–10 mm, slightly webbed
Flower: corolla yellow
Fruit 8–15 mm, oblong to ± diamond-shaped, glabrous; wings = to < body in width; oil tubes per rib-interval generally 1
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Coniferous forest, rocks, meadows, talus, pumice, coastal bluffs
Elevation: 240–3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges (Del Norte, Siskiyou cos.)
Distribution outside California: c Oregon, n Washington, British Columbia (Vancouver Island)