| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Shrub or tree, monoecious, deciduous or evergreen
Leaves simple, alternate, petioled; margin entire to lobed; stipules small, generally deciduous
Staminate inflorescence: catkin or stiff spike; flowers many
Pistillate inflorescence 1–few-flowered, generally above staminate inflorescence; involucre in fruit generally cup-like or lobed and bur-like, bracts many, generally overlapping, flat or cylindric
Staminate flower: sepals generally 5–6, minute; petals 0; stamens 4–12+
Pistillate flower: calyx generally 6-lobed, minute; petals 0; ovary inferior, style branches generally 3
Fruit: acorn (nut subtended by scaly, cup-like involucre) or 1–3 nuts subtended by spiny, bur-like involucre; nut maturing in 1–2 years
Seed generally 1
Genera in family: 7 genera, ± 900 species: generally n hemisphere. Wood of Quercus critical for pre-20th century ship-building, charcoal for metallurgy; some now supply wood (Fagus, Quercus ), cork (Q. suber ), food (Castanea , chestnut).
Evergreen
Leaf: stipules early deciduous
Staminate inflorescence: spike, elongate, simple, stiff, spreading or erect; flowers many
Pistillate inflorescence below staminate inflorescence on same or separate stalk; flower 1
Staminate flower: sepals 5–6, minute; stamens 10–12
Pistillate flower: calyx 6-lobed
Fruit: acorn, maturing in 2 years; nut enclosed by cup-like involucre
Species in genus: ± 100 species: w North America (1 sp.), especially se Asia
Etymology: (Greek: rock fruit, from hard fruit wall)
| Native |
Shrub or tree < 30(45) m; trunk bark grayish brown
Leaves evergreen; petioles 10–25 mm; blade 3–14 cm, oblong to ± ovate, base ± rounded, tip obtuse, margin entire to serrate, upper surface sparsely stellate-hairy, becoming ± glabrous, lower surface finely woolly, becoming ± glabrous
Staminate inflorescence stiff, spreading to erect, densely flowered
Fruit: cup (1.5)2–3 cm diam, saucer-shaped, scales slender, ± tapered, reflexed to spreading; nut 20–35 mm, ovoid to subspheric
Ecology: Redwood to red-fir forests
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Western Transverse Ranges
Distribution outside California: s Oregon