| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, perennial herb, glabrous or hairy
Stem generally branched, generally erect, < 60 cm
Leaves opposite, < 20 cm, entire to pinnately cut
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in cymes; phyllaries in 1 or 2 series, free or partly fused; receptacle narrowly conic to hemispheric, naked, smooth, pitted, or rough
Ray flowers 4–21; ligules generally yellow
Disk flowers generally many; corollas generally 5-lobed, generally yellow; anther tips acuminate to triangular; style tips triangular or round, generally hair-tufted
Fruit < 5 mm, cylindric to obovoid, black or gray; pappus of awns, scales, or 0
Species in genus: 17 species: w North America, Chile
Etymology: (Greek: female pupil of Plato)
Reference: [Ornduff 1966 Univ Calif Publ Bot 40:1–92]
Generally self-incompatible (cross-pollinated).
| Native |
Annual < 60 cm
Stem erect, simple or branched, glabrous or slightly hairy
Leaves 4–15 cm, linear or awl-shaped, entire, glabrous
Inflorescence: involucre 5–10 mm, hemispheric; phyllaries 10–14, fused, glabrous; receptacle conic, papillate, glabrous or sparsely hairy
Ray flowers 7–15; ligules 4–14 mm
Disk flowers many; anther tips ovate or triangular; style tips triangular, hair-tufted
Fruit < 3.5 mm, club-shaped or ovoid, glabrous or papillate; pappus 0
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Saline places, vernal pools
Elevation: < 1000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Inner North Coast Ranges, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Sacramento Valley, n San Joaquin Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges, South Coast, n Channel Islands (Santa Rosa Island), Peninsular Ranges, w Mojave Desert.
| Native |
Fruit warty-hairy
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology:Habitats of sp.
Bioregional distribution: Tehachapi Mountain Area (1 station), s Outer South Coast Ranges, South Coast, n Channel Islands (Santa Rosa Island), Peninsular Ranges, w Mojave Desert
Flowering time: Apr–May
Synonyms: var. c. A. Gray