TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 12 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Subshrub or shrub
Stem wand-like to much-branched
Leaves drought-deciduous, ± opposite or in 3's, generally short-petioled
Inflorescence: panicle or spike-like; bracts small
Flower: calyx lobes 5, ± equal; corolla not purplish (whitish to red), short-glandular outside, upper lip hooded, lobes short, rounded, external in bud, lower lip rounded, lobes often reflexed; filaments densely nonglandular-hairy at base, anthers small, glabrous, anther sacs generally spreading flat at dehiscence; staminode well developed, glabrous to densely bearded; nectary a disk; stigma head-like
Fruit ovoid, septicidal and sometimes also loculicidal at tip
Seeds many, irregularly angled or ± winged
Species in genus: 7 species: especially CA
Etymology: (David D. Keck, CA botanist, 19031995)
Reference: [Straw 1966 Brittonia 18:8095]
Segregated from Penstemon.
Native |
Shrub 36 dm, < 1 m wide
Stem: young stems glabrous or hairy
Leaves opposite; blade 1035 mm, (ob)lanceolate to narrowly (ob)ovate, base wedge-shaped, margin entire to 35-toothed
Inflorescence: pedicels (and calyces) glandular-hairy and densely coarse-hairy
Flower: calyx 6.411 mm, lobes ± lanceolate; corolla 2240 mm, pink to red, tube 1722 mm, throat indistinct, upper lip 915 mm; anther sacs 0.91 mm; staminode densely yellow-hairy, included
Ecology: Rocky slopes in coniferous or hardwood forests, rarely in chaparral
Elevation: 1001600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, n&c Central Western California
Horticultural information: DRN, SUN: 15, 16, 17, or partSHD: 7, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.