TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Biennial, perennial herb from taproot bearing 1several caudices
Stems erect
Leaves simple to 2-pinnately dissected; basal and alternate, reduced upward, gland-dotted
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, in fewmany-headed panicles; involucre obconic to widely bell-shaped; phyllaries in 23 series, ± equal, scarious-margined; receptacle flat or rounded, generally naked
Ray flowers 0 (in CA) or 8; ligules white
Disk flowers 10many; corollas yellow, white, or reddish purple, tube slender, throat abruptly enlarged, lobes triangular, reflexed; style branches obtuse
Fruit obpyramidal, 4-angled; pappus 0 or of many thin, transparent, linear-oblong to ovate, obtuse scales
Species in genus: 10 species: North America
Etymology: (Greek: membranous pappus)
Reference: [Turner 1956 Rhodora 58:163186, 208242, 250269, 295308]
Native |
Perennial 0.510 dm, ± glabrous to densely tomentose
Leaves: basal 320 cm, 2-pinnately dissected into 250 mm linear or thread-like segments, minutely gland-dotted; cauline 0 or few, generally much reduced upwards
Inflorescence: heads discoid, 1many; peduncles 0.516 cm; principal phyllaries 314 mm, 25 mm wide, margin white or yellowish scarious for 14 mm from acute to obtuse tip; flowers 1070 per head
Flowers: corollas 27 mm, yellow or white
Fruit 37 mm, densely short-hairy; pappus scales 1222, generally linear-oblong
Ecology: Many ± dry habitats, sometimes on limestone
Elevation: ± 10003000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, White and Inyo Mountains, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Washington, South Dakota, Colorado, Arizona, n Mexico
Native |
Plant 0.55 dm, ± evenly, sparsely tomentose throughout
Leaves: basal 212 cm, divisions 515 mm, 0.51 mm, thread-like; cauline 03
Inflorescence: heads 16; peduncles 315 cm; main phyllaries 69 mm
Flowers: corollas 34 mm, pale yellow; anthers 23 mm
Fruit 4.55.5 mm, evenly hairy; hairs generally 0.21 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=34
Ecology: Limestone soil, often with juniper
Elevation: 15003000 m.
Bioregional distribution: White and Inyo Mountains
Distribution outside California: also c&e Nevada to w Utah, nw Arizona
Flowering time: JulAug