TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb
Stems generally erect
Leaves opposite or alternate, generally reduced upward, often 3-veined from near base, generally rough-hairy
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in cymes; involucre bell-shaped to hemispheric; phyllaries in 13 generally ± equal series, free; receptacle flat to rounded; chaff scales 03-lobed
Ray flowers 10many, sterile; ligules yellow
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow to red or purple, tube short, throat base often swollen, lobes triangular; style appendages triangular
Fruit oblanceolate to obovate, ± compressed; sides rounded; pappus generally of 2 deciduous, lanceolate to ovate scales (sometimes also 1several shorter scales)
Species in genus: 67 species: Am
Etymology: (Greek: sun flower)
Reference: [Heiser 1969 Mem Torrey Bot Club 22(3):1218]
Native |
Perennial 540 dm, from clustered, tuber-like roots; rhizome short
Stems glabrous or hairy
Leaves alternate or opposite, subsessile; blade 1020 cm, narrowly lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, entire or serrate, glabrous to hairy
Inflorescence: heads fewmany; peduncles 118 cm; involucre 12 cm diam; phyllaries ± erect, 816 mm, generally < 3 mm wide, ± linear, = or slightly > disk, glabrous or tomentose; chaff scales 812 mm, entire or 3-toothed, acute, short-rough-hairy
Ray flowers 1220; ligules 1525 mm
Disk flowers: corollas 56 mm, lobes yellow
Fruit 34 mm; pappus scales 34 mm (sometimes also with shorter scales)
Ecology: Damp meadows, marshes
Elevation: < 500 (c-w SW) or 12002500 m.
Bioregional distribution: c-w Southwestern California, San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, e Canada, New Mexico