TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb
Stems generally erect
Leaves opposite or alternate, generally reduced upward, often 3-veined from near base, generally rough-hairy
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in cymes; involucre bell-shaped to hemispheric; phyllaries in 13 generally ± equal series, free; receptacle flat to rounded; chaff scales 03-lobed
Ray flowers 10many, sterile; ligules yellow
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow to red or purple, tube short, throat base often swollen, lobes triangular; style appendages triangular
Fruit oblanceolate to obovate, ± compressed; sides rounded; pappus generally of 2 deciduous, lanceolate to ovate scales (sometimes also 1several shorter scales)
Species in genus: 67 species: Am
Etymology: (Greek: sun flower)
Reference: [Heiser 1969 Mem Torrey Bot Club 22(3):1218]
Native |
Annual < 3 m
Stems ± rough-hairy
Leaves long-petioled; blade 1040 cm, widely lanceolate to widely ovate, base generally ± cordate, tip obtuse to acute, margin serrate
Inflorescence: heads generally fewmany; peduncles 220 cm; involucre 1.53(20) cm diam; phyllaries 1525 mm, lanceolate to widely ovate, abruptly acuminate, glabrous to rough-hairy, generally ciliate; chaff scales deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe long-acuminate
Ray flowers 15many; ligule generally > 2.5 cm
Disk flowers: corollas 58 mm, lobes red to purple or yellow
Fruit 315 mm; pappus scales 23.5 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=34
Ecology: Disturbed areas, scrub, many other habitats
Elevation: < 1900 m.
Bioregional distribution: California
Distribution outside California: to e N.America
Flowering time: JulOct
Highly variable; hybridizes with several other species
Synonyms: subsp. jaegeri (Heiser) Heiser; subsp. lenticularis (Douglas) Cockerell; var. macrocarpus (DC.) Cockerell
Head 1, very large In cultivation forms
Horticultural information: SUN: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17 &IRR: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.