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LAMIACEAE

MINT FAMILY

Dieter H. Wilken, except as specifed

Annual, perennial herb, shrub, glabrous to hairy, generally aromatic
Stems generally erect, generally 4-angled
Leaves generally simple to deeply lobed, opposite, generally gland-dotted
Inflorescence: cyme, generally clustered around stem, head-like, separated by evident internodes (terminal in Monardella ) or collectively crowded, spike-like to panicle-like (sometimes raceme or flowers 2–12); subtended by leaves or bracts; flowers sessile or pedicelled
Flower generally bisexual; calyx generally 5-lobed, radial to bilateral; corolla generally bilateral, 1–2-lipped, upper lip entire or 2-lobed, ± flat to hood-like, sometimes 0, lower lip generally 3-lobed; stamens generally 4, generally exserted, paired, pairs unequal, sometimes 2, staminodes 2 or 0; ovary superior, generally 4-lobed to base, chambers 2, ovules 2 per chamber, style 1, arising from center at junction of lobes, stigmas generally 2
Fruit: nutlets 4, generally ovoid to oblong, smooth
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 5500 species: worldwide. Many cultivated for herbs, oils (Lavandula , lavender; Mentha , mint; Ocimum , basil; Rosmarinus , rosemary; Thymus , thyme), some cultivated as ornamental (in CA Cedronella , Leonotis , Phlomis )
Reference: [Cantino & Sanders 1986 Syst Bot 11:163–185]

GLECHOMA

GROUND IVY

Perennial, glabrous to sparsely hairy, with only bisexual or only pistillate flowers
Stems prostrate to decumbent, sometimes erect, generally rooting at lower nodes
Leaf petioled; blade round to reniform, crenate to toothed
Inflorescences axillary, each subtended by leaves; flowers 2–5; bracts minute or 0
Flower: calyx 5-lobed, tube 15-veined, lobes unequal, upper >> lower; corolla 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, ± flat, lower lip 3-lobed, central lobe > lateral lobes; stamens 4, fertile, upper pair >> lower; style lobes ± equal
Species in genus: 10 species: temp Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: ancient name)
.

Introduced

G. hederacea L.


Stem 1–5 dm; hairs spreading to reflexed
Leaf: petiole generally 1–2 cm; blade 1–2 cm, ± round to reniform
Inflorescence: bracts bristle-like
Flower: calyx 3–7 mm, fine bristly to puberulent; corolla generally 15–25 mm in bisexual flower, 8–15 mm in pistillate, violet, purple-spotted
Chromosomes: 2n=18,36
Ecology: Disturbed, often moist shaded places
Elevation: < 800 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Central Western California, South Coast
Distribution outside California: widespread N.America; native to Europe

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bioregional map for GLECHOMA%20hederacea being generated
 


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