| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Perennial from stolons or rhizomes; juice milky
Leaves all basal, ± entire to dentate
Inflorescence: heads radiate, large, showy, solitary, scapose; peduncles long; phyllaries in 2 or more series, fused in basal half; receptacle flat or convex, pitted, naked
Ray flowers yellow or orange, variously marked, sterile, closing at night
Disk flowers many; corollas variously colored; stamen tips ovate-triangular, bases minutely sagittate; style slender below, thickened above a minutely hairy node, branches very short
Fruit obovate, covered with long hairs; pappus of slender scales ± hidden by hairs of achene
Species in genus: ± 16 species: especially s Africa
Etymology: (Theodorus of Gaza, died 1478, translator of works of Theophrastus)
Reference: [Hutchinson 1934 Curtis's Bot Mag Tab 9354]
| Introduced |
Stems branching from base, spreading along ground, ± mat-like
Leaves in loose basal rosettes; petioles long, winged, gradually expanding upward; blades linear to lanceolate, entire or irregularly dentate, glabrous or nearly so above, white-woolly below
Inflorescence: heads 3.5–8 cm diam; phyllaries ± pouched at base
Ray flowers ± 20–21; ligules 4–5 cm, yellow or orange, generally with dark spot at base
Disk flowers: corollas ± 8 mm, reddish orange
Fruit 1–2 mm; pappus scales 7–8, 3–4 mm, hidden by the longer hairs of fruit
Ecology: Uncommon. Escape from cultivated in urban coastal areas, roadsides, waste places
Elevation: < 200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast
Distribution outside California: native to s Africa
Synonyms: G. longiscapa DC