TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 45, generally free; petals generally 45, free or fused; stamens 810, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 15, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:188; 1975 Bot Not 128:286298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
Shrub, glabrous to hairy, generally rhizomed
Stem erect to prostrate, rooting at nodes or not
Leaves generally alternate, evergreen, leathery
Inflorescence: raceme or flowers solitary, bracted; bractlets 2 or more per pedicel; pedicels jointed to flower
Flower: sepals generally 5, fused; petals 5, fused, urn- or rarely bell-shaped, generally white; stamens (5,8)10, anthers dehiscent by short separate slits, awned or not; ovary superior, chambers 5, placentas generally axile, at top of chamber
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, ± enclosed by fleshy calyx
Seeds fewmany per chamber
Species in genus: ± 200 species: w Asia to Australia, temp Am
Etymology: (J.-F. Gaulthier, botanist, physician, Quebec, 17081756)
Native |
Stem low, < 3.5 dm; hairs spreading, brownish, glandular and not
Leaf 23 cm; base truncate to rounded or reniform; tip acute; margin minutely serrate, hairs few
Inflorescence: flowers solitary in leaf axils
Flower: sepals glandular-hairy; corolla bell-shaped, glabrous; filaments glabrous, anther awns 0
Fruit red
Ecology: Wet fir forests
Elevation: 4001900 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, n High North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Idaho
Horticultural information: IRR: 4, 5 or WET, DRN: 1, 2 &SHD: 6, 14, 15, 16, 17; acidic soil.