ERICACEAE

HEATH FAMILY

Gary D. Wallace, except as specified

Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 4–5, generally free; petals generally 4–5, free or fused; stamens 8–10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1–5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:1–88; 1975 Bot Not 128:286–298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.

GAULTHERIA

Shrub, glabrous to hairy, generally rhizomed
Stem erect to prostrate, rooting at nodes or not
Leaves generally alternate, evergreen, leathery
Inflorescence: raceme or flowers solitary, bracted; bractlets 2 or more per pedicel; pedicels jointed to flower
Flower: sepals generally 5, fused; petals 5, fused, urn- or rarely bell-shaped, generally white; stamens (5,8)10, anthers dehiscent by short separate slits, awned or not; ovary superior, chambers 5, placentas generally axile, at top of chamber
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, ± enclosed by fleshy calyx
Seeds few–many per chamber
Species in genus: ± 200 species: w Asia to Australia, temp Am
Etymology: (J.-F. Gaulthier, botanist, physician, Quebec, 1708–1756)

Native

G. shallon Pursh

SALAL

Stems clumped, erect, < 2 m, glabrous to ± glandular
Leaf (3)5–10 cm; base truncate to reniform; tip acute, with a sharp point or not; margin minutely serrate, glabrous
Inflorescence: raceme, glandular-hairy
Flower: perianth glandular-hairy; corolla urn-shaped; filaments hairy, anther awns 4
Fruit dark purple
Ecology: Moist forest margins
Elevation: < 800 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, s Outer South Coast Ranges
Distribution outside California: to Alaska
Horticultural information: 4, 5 &IRR: 6 &SHD: 15, 16, 17: &WET: 7, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; acidic soil; GRCVR.