| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Perennial, shrub, glabrous to hairy
Stem erect, arching, or pendent, often much-branched
Leaves opposite or whorled in 3's, entire; veins pinnate
Inflorescence: raceme
Flower: calyx lobes 5, entire, equal; corolla generally red, tube with sac-like extension at base, lower lip base ± swollen, generally not fully closing mouth; stamens often exserted; stigma exserted
Fruit ovoid to spheric; chambers dehiscent by 1–2 pores near tip
Seeds many; ridges thin, netted
Species in genus: 5 species: w North America, w South America, Galapagos Islands
Etymology: (José Gálvez, Spanish administrator, 1720's–1787)
| Native |
Plant spreading, < 1 m, < 2 m wide
Stem arching, often ± pendent
Leaves thickish, whorled (opposite on seedlings)
Inflorescence: pedicels 1–2 cm
Flower: calyx lobes 7–10 mm; corolla 2–2.5 cm, bright red, lower lip base ± closing mouth
Fruit 6–7 mm, ovoid, asymmetric; lower chamber larger
Chromosomes: n=15
Ecology: Rocky cliffs, canyons
Elevation: 0–900 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Channel Islands
Distribution outside California: Guadalupe Island, MexicoHorticultural information: In cultivation.