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	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

ENCELIOPSIS

Curtis Clark

Perennial from stout caudex, subscapose
Stems densely leafy at base, leafless above
Leaves basal and closely alternate, simple, petioled or sessile, entire, 3-veined
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, solitary; peduncles long; involucre hemispheric; phyllaries in 2–3 series, free; receptacle chaffy, scales folded around fruits and falling with them
Ray flowers sterile; style 0; ligules yellow
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow, tube slender, throat abruptly expanded, lobes triangular; anther tips ovate, ± acute; style tips triangular
Fruit strongly compressed, wedge-shaped; edges ± white, corky, glabrous or long-ciliate; faces black, glabrous or ± hairy; pappus of 2 narrow awns and a crown of shorter scales
Species in genus: 3 species: w North America
Etymology: (Greek: like Encelia)

Native

E. nudicaulis (A. Gray) A. Nelson

NAKED-STEMMED DAISY

Plant 1–4 dm; herbage dull gray, hairs short, ± spreading
Stems woody at base
Leaves: petioles not or only slightly winged; blades 2–6 cm, 2–6 cm wide, ovate, 3-veined
Inflorescence: heads radiate, 4–9 cm diam; peduncles 1.5–4.5 dm, gray-puberulent; involucre 1–2 cm; phyllaries in 3 series, narrowly lanceolate from ovate base, acute, densely gray-puberulent
Ray flowers ± 21; ligules 2–4 cm
Fruit ± 9 mm, 3.5 mm wide, silky-hairy; pappus awns 1–1.5 mm, smooth
Chromosomes: 2n=36
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Stony hillsides and canyons
Elevation: 950–2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: White and Inyo Mountains, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Idaho, Utah, n Arizona
Flowering time: May
Horticultural information: TRY; DFCLT.