Jepson Interchange (more information)
Print edition is available from the University of California Press
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This page is based on the 1993 Jepson Manual.
Please see the Jepson eFlora for up-to-date information about California vascular plants. |
| Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange |
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TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Print edition is available from the University of California Press |
| The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press | |
| See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition |
Annual, perennial herb, shrubs, generally bristly or sharply hairy
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves cauline, often with basal rosette, generally simple, alternate; lower sometimes opposite, entire
Inflorescence: cyme, generally elongate, panicle-, raceme- or spike-like, coiled in flower, generally uncoiled in fruit or flowers 1–2 per axil
Flowers generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals 5, free or fused in lower half; corolla 5-lobed, generally salverform, top of tube generally appendaged, appendages 5, alternating with stamens, sometimes arching over tube; stamens 5, epipetalous; ovary superior, generally 4-lobed, style generally entire
Fruit: nutlets 1–4, smooth to variously roughened, sometimes prickly or bristled
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, ± 2000 species: tropical, temp, especially w North America, Medit; some cultivated (Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum ).Almost all genera may be TOXIC from alkaloids or accumulated nitrates
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include Hydrophyllaceae [Olmsted et al. 2000 Mol Phylog Evol 16:96–112]
Family description, key to genera by Timothy C. Messick.
Annual, perennial herb, shrubs, bristly to strigose
Leaves basal and cauline, linear to lanceolate, entire
Inflorescence: panicle, terminal; branches 3–many, ± spike-like
Flower radial to ± bilateral; calyx deeply lobed; corolla throat straight or slightly curved, lobes equal or unequal; stamens inserted below mid-tube, included or exserted; style exserted
Fruit: nutlet erect, short, ovoid, 3-angled, scar flat
Species in genus: 40 species: s Eurasia, Africa. Cult for ornamental
Etymology: (Greek: viper, from nutlet shape, which resembles viper's head)
Reference: [Bramwell 1972 Lagascalia 2:37–115]
| Introduced |
Annual or biennial 4–8 dm
Leaf 2–10 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, bristly; hair bases bulbous
Inflorescence 5–15 cm; branches 2–8, ascending
Flower ± bilateral; calyx 5–9 mm; corolla 15–20 mm, blue; 2–3 stamens exserted
Fruit: nutlets rough, wrinkled to fine-tubercled
Chromosomes: 2n=16
Ecology: Disturbed areas, fields
Elevation: < 300 m.
Bioregional distribution: c Central Coast, South Coast
Distribution outside California: native to s Europe
| YOU CAN HELP US make sure that our distributional information is correct and current. If you know that a plant occurs in a wild, reproducing state in a Jepson bioregion NOT highlighted on the map, please contact us with that information. Please realize that we cannot incorporate range extensions without access to a voucher specimen, which should (ultimately) be deposited in an herbarium. You can send the pressed, dried collection (with complete locality information indicated) to us (e-mail us for details) or refer us to an accessioned herbarium specimen. Non-occurrence of a plant in an indicated area is difficult to document, but we will especially value your input on those types of possible errors (see automatic conversion of distribution data to maps). |
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