TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers solitary in axils, generally open; bracts leaf-like or not
Flower: bisexual, radial or bilateral, sometimes inverted (pedicel twisted 180°; hypanthium generally present, ± fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, generally fused (tube sometimes split down back), lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or ± fused (anthers and filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior, sometimes half inferior, chambers 13, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 25-branched
Fruit: generally capsule, dehiscing on sides or at tip by pores or short valves
Seeds many
Genera in family: ± 70 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide. Some cultivated for ornamental (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia ). Subfamilies sometimes treated as different families.
Annual, glabrous
Stem decumbent to erect, (10)2040 cm
Leaves cauline, often deciduous before flower, << flower bracts, 0.52(4) mm wide, lanceolate to awl-like (uppermost sometimes wider), sessile, generally entire
Inflorescence: spike; terminal flowers often aborted, overtopped by fertile
Flower sessile, generally inverted at full bloom by twisted ovary; corolla generally >> calyx, blue to pink or white, generally with a symmetric white or yellow spot on lower lip, tube entire, limb strongly 2-lipped, generally 2 lobes of upper lip < 3 of lower; stamens fused (filaments, anthers in tubes), generally 2 smaller anthers each with terminal tuft of bristles, 1 triangular or horn-like, generally 0.20.5 mm, others linear, shorter; ovary pedicel-like, chambers 12, placentas parietal or axile
Fruit dehiscent by 35 lateral slits
Species in genus: 13 species: w North America, Chile
Etymology: (A.J. Downing, American horticulturist, 18151852)
Reference: [Weiler 1962 PhD Univ of CA Berkeley]
Fl part positions (upper = next to stem; lower = away from stem) given at full bloom.
Native |
Flower: corolla 719 mm, densely white-hairy in tube, lateral sinuses >> upper, lower lip blue-purple, with a central white field including yellow-green spots, base purple with 2 nipple-like projections, lower lobes obovate, obtuse, abruptly toothed; anthers < 45° to filaments, 2 larger bristles at tips of 2 smaller ones 0.62.7 mm, generally tightly twisted together, rarely 0 or not twisted; ovary 2-chambered, placentas axile
Fruit 3565(90) mm, tardily dehiscent with no evident translucent lines
Seed longitudinally striate
Chromosomes: n=11
Ecology: Vernal pools, roadside ditches, lake margins
Elevation: < 1700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Inner North Coast Ranges (sporadic), Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to s Oregon, sw Idaho, w Nevada
Native |
Flower: corolla 710 mm, tube (1.5)22.6 mm, light blue or pale yellow on upper surface, prominently net-veined, upper lobes reflexed, appressed to tube, crossed at tips, lower lip strongly concave; 2 larger bristles at tips of 2 smaller anthers 1.62.7 mm, generally > anthers
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: < 300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Cascade Range Foothills, n&c Sierra Nevada Foothills.