| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, subshrub, glabrous to glandular-hairy
Leaves simple, basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, sessile or petioled; stipules 0
Inflorescence sometimes scapose
Flower bisexual, radial; parts generally in 4's or 5's; calyx deeply lobed, often persistent; corolla lobes spreading to reflexed; stamens epipetalous, opposite corolla lobes; ovary generally superior, 1-chambered, placenta basal or free-central, style 1, stigma head-like
Fruit: capsule, circumscissile or 2–6-valved
Seeds small, few–many
Genera in family: ± 25 genera, 600 species: especially n hemisphere; several ornamental (Cyclamen , Dodecatheon , Primula )
Reference: [Channell & Wood 1959 J Arnold Arbor 40:268–288]
Perennial, glabrous or glandular-hairy; roots fleshy-fibrous
Leaves basal
Inflorescence: umbel, 1 per scapose peduncle, terminal, few–many-flowered, subtended by bracts
Flower nodding; parts in 4's or 5's; sepals reflexed, later erect, persistent; corolla tube short, lobes reflexed; stamens exserted, filaments very short, wide, often fused, anthers erect, ± lanceolate, surrounding style; ovary superior, style slender, ± exserted from anthers
Fruit ± 5-valved or circumscissile, ovate to spheric
Species in genus: ± 14 species: generally North America
Etymology: (Greek: 12 gods, presumably the Olympians)
Reference: [Thompson 1953 Contr Dudley Herb 4:73–154]
Polyploid group; species sometimes intergrade.
| Native |
Plant glandular-hairy
Leaf 1–18 cm; blade generally oblanceolate, generally narrowed abruptly to petiole, margin dentate to subentire
Inflorescence 1–16-flowered
Flower: parts in 5's; corolla lobes 6–25 mm, magenta to white, lobes 6–25 mm; filament tube 2.5–4 mm, anthers 3–5 mm, tissue at base transversely wrinkled, yellow to black; stigma not enlarged
Fruit circumscissile
Ecology: Grassy slopes, flats
Elevation: generally < 600 m for all subspp.
Bioregional distribution: n&c Sierra Nevada Foothills, c High Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley, Central Western California (except Central Coast), Southwestern California (except San Gabriel Mountains)
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Extremes (subspp. here) generally segregated by geog but may intergrade.
| Native |
Inflorescence 3–7-flowered
Flower: filament tube with yellow or white spot below each anther, tissue at base of anther maroon to black, anther generally yellow, sometimes dark, tip acute to obtuse
Chromosomes: n=22,33,44
Ecology: Woodlands
Elevation:
Bioregional distribution: San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast Ranges, Western Transverse RangesHorticultural information: DRN, DRY: 16, 17, 24 &SHD: 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23; DFCLT.