TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Perennial to trees, from membranous bulb, fibrous corm, scaly rhizome, or erect caudex
Stem generally underground
Leaves generally basal, often withering early, alternate, generally ± linear
Inflorescence various, generally bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; perianth often showy, segments generally 6 in two petal-like whorls (outer sometimes sepal-like), free or fused at base; stamens 6 (or 3 + generally 3 ± petal-like staminodes), filaments sometimes attached to perianth or fused into a tube or crown; ovary superior or inferior, chambers 3, placentas generally axile, style generally 1, stigmas generally 3
Fruit: generally capsule, loculicidal or septicidal (berry or nut)
Genera in family: ± 300 genera, 4600 species: especially ± dry temp and subtropical; many cultivated for ornamental or food;some TOXIC . Here includes genera sometimes treated in Agavaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and other families.
Perennial from spheric, fibrous-coated corm; cormlets generally sessile
Leaves basal, 25, narrowly lanceolate, generally keeled, entire, glabrous, sometimes withered by flower
Inflorescence umbel- or raceme-like, generally dense (pedicels < flower); axis generally curved to twining, cylindric; bracts 24, ± papery
Flower: perianth tube cylindric to bell-shaped, lobes 6 in 2 petal-like whorls; staminodes generally 0 (stamen-like in 1 sp.); stamens 3 (6 in 1 sp.), filaments fused to perianth and into a crown-like tube, free filaments generally ± 0, anthers attached at base; style 1, stigma 3-lobed
Fruit: capsule, generally not stalked, generally ovoid, 3-angled, loculicidal
Seeds sharply angled, black
Chromosomes: n=9
Species in genus: 5 species: w US, especially n CA
Etymology: (Greek: toothed crown, from stamen appendages)
Reference: [Keator 1992 Four Seasons 9:2439]
Native |
Leaves 35, 3050 cm, glaucous, keeled
Inflorescence umbel-like, open; axis < 100 cm; bracts lanceolate, reddish; pedicels 15 cm; flowers 620 (nodding in flower, erect in fruit)
Flower: perianth tube 2027 mm, cylindric, red, with 6 sac-like swellings on lower 1/3, lobes recurved (erect in fruit), 79 mm, green; crown segments erect, 34 mm, entire, rounded, inrolled, whitish, anthers 68 mm; ovary narrowly ovoid, stalk 6 mm, style 1520 mm
Chromosomes: n=24
Ecology: Forest edges, grassland near coast
Elevation: 302000 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges, n&c North Coast Ranges
Distribution outside California: s Oregon
Synonyms: Brodiaea i.-m. (A. W. Wood) Greene
Sporadic hybrids with D. congestum or D. multiflorum, with flowers ± horizontal, perianth tube 1417 mm and rose-purple have been called D. venustum (Greene) Hoover, rose firecracker flower, or Brodiaea v. (Greene) Greene
Horticultural information: DRN, DRY, part SHD: 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.