TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to bamboo-like; roots generally fibrous
Stem generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base
Inflorescence various (of generally many spikelets)
Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally ± transparent, ± enclosed by lemma
Flower generally bisexual, minute; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose
Fruit: achene-like grain
Genera in family: 650900 genera; ± 10,000 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials)
Reference: [Hitchcock 1951 Manual grasses US, USDA Misc Publ 200; Clayton & Renvoise 1986 Kew Bull Add Series 13]
See Glossary p. 26 for illustrations of general family characteristics. Generally wind-pollinated.
Annual, perennial herb
Stems erect, solitary to densely clumped
Leaves basal to cauline; ligule narrow, decurrent to sheath, glabrous to minutely hairy; blades flat to inrolled
Inflorescence panicle- to spike-like, open to narrow
Spikelet: glumes and lemmas shiny; glumes equal to ± subequal, > lower floret; axis prolonged beyond upper floret, bristly (sometimes with vestigial floret at tip); florets 13, bisexual, breaking above glumes and between florets; callus soft-hairy; lemmas rounded, 24-toothed at truncate tip, faintly 37-veined, awned at or below middle, awn straight to bent; palea ± = lemma
Species in genus: 3040 species: temp Am, Eurasia, New Zealand, Antarctica
Etymology: (J. L-Deslongchamps, France, born 1774)
Native |
Perennial
Stems densely clumped, 1.56 dm
Leaves basal and cauline; basal tufted, generally glabrous; ligule 13 mm, obtuse to truncate, minutely ciliate at tip; blades 49 cm, 37 mm wide, flat
Inflorescence open; lower branches spreading to drooping
Spikelet purplish; glumes 46 mm, equal, elliptic, acute, lower 1-veined, upper 3-veined; florets generally 2; callus hairs ± 1/2 lemma length; lemmas 2.54 mm, generally 2-toothed at tip, faintly 3-veined, awned near middle, awn 23 mm, straight to slightly bent
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Wet sites, meadows, streambanks, in coniferous forest
Elevation: 20002300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges (Marble Mtns, Trinity Alps), High Cascade Range (Mt Shasta)
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, e Canada, ne US, n Eurasia