TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 12 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Annual, often glandular, sometimes brown-staining
Leaves opposite; lower petioled
Inflorescence bracted, often interrupted; flowers 1many in leaf axils
Flower: calyx 5-lobed; corolla ± pea-like, generally glabrous outside, tube short, throat ± angled to tube, ± pouched on upper side, lips generally ± = throat, upper lobes 2, ± reflexed, generally paler, lower lobes 3, lateral spreading, central lobe keeled, enclosing stamens and style; stamens 4, attached unequally near throat base; staminode gland-like
Fruit septicidal and loculicidal (valves 2-lobed)
Seeds generally few, ± oblong, generally plump; inner surface ± hollow
Species in genus: ± 18 species: North America, especially CA
Etymology: (Zaccheus Collins, 17641831, Philadelphia botanist)
Late-season flowers generally atypically small.
Native |
Plant 735 cm
Leaf generally 14 cm, ± oblong, thickish, obtuse, crenate, rolled under, generally finely hairy
Inflorescence interrupted, ± finely glandular or shaggy; whorls dense; pedicels < calyx
Flower: calyx lobes ± blunt; corolla glabrous outside, generally whitish to pinkish lavender (purplish), veiny when pressed, throat longer than wide, hairy inside, lips ± equal; upper lobes ± oblong, toothed, often back-to-back, lateral lobes obovate, notched; upper filaments hairy, spur 00.5 mm
Seeds many, ± plump
Chromosomes: n=7
Ecology: Open sandy places
Elevation: < 1300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Central Western California, w Mojave Desert.Variable; sometimes intergrades with C. corymbosa, C. heterophylla, C. tinctoria ; more study needed.
Native |
Flower: corolla 1520 mm, generally white to pale lavender
Seed < 1 mm
Ecology: Habitats of sp
Elevation: generally < 600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Central Western California
Horticultural information: TRY.