TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Biennial, perennial herb; sap milky
Stems much-branched
Leaves basal and cauline, entire to pinnately lobed, generally much-reduced above
Inflorescence: heads ligulate, many, peduncled or lateral subsessile; involucre cylindric; phyllaries in 2 series, outer much reduced; receptacle naked
Flowers many; ligules yellow, readily withering
Fruit oblong, many-ribbed, beaked, or beakless; pappus of many, slender, white bristles
Species in genus: 25 species: Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: endive or chicory)
Introduced |
Stems 410 dm, glabrous or bristly at base
Leaves: basal and lower cauline wing-petioled, oblong to obovate, shallowly lobed, lobes pointed, often reflexed; upper cauline linear, entire
Inflorescence: heads subsessile, mostly in interrupted spike-like clusters; involucre 912 mm; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely tomentose
Flowers 712; corollas 1218 mm
Fruit 812 mm, glabrous; body with pointed tubercles near tip; beak slender; pappus 56 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=14+1B,30
Ecology: Uncommon. Disturbed ground
Elevation: 0600 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, n Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges, n South Coast
Distribution outside California: native to s Europe
Weedy.