TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 45, generally free; petals generally 45, free or fused; stamens 810, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 15, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:188; 1975 Bot Not 128:286298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
Perennial, ± shrubby, evergreen, rhizomed
Leaves generally cauline, ± whorled, lanceolate to oblanceolate, leathery, generally prominently toothed, petioled
Inflorescence: ± head- or umbel-like raceme; flowers 110; peduncle generally papillate to glandular-hairy; bracts narrowly lanceolate to widely ovate
Flower radial, nodding, parts in 5's, free; petals spreading; stamens 10, filaments widened at base, ± hairy, anther pores on tubes; disk present; ovary superior, style in depressed center of ovary, stigma wide, peltate, lobes 5, flattened, spreading
Fruit: capsule, erect; valves opening from tip to base, margins not fibrous
Species in genus: 45 species: circumboreal, North America, C.Am, Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: winter loving, from evergreen habit)
Native |
Stem < 15 cm, slender
Leaves 1several per node, generally 13(5) cm, toothed or entire; main veins ± white-bordered
Inflorescence ± glabrous to minutely papillate
Flower: petals white, turning pink; filament base entirely hairy
Ecology: Uncommon. Montane conifer forest
Elevation: 10002500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Outer South Coast Ranges, San Bernardino Mountains, San Gabriel Mountains, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Montana