| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to perennial herb, ± branched
Leaves alternate; lower generally deeply 1–2-lobed, segments generally narrow; upper reduced
Inflorescence: heads discoid (sterile outer flowers sometimes ± ray-like); involucre cylindric to hemispheric; phyllaries many, graded, generally ± ovate, scarious-margined, tip appendages fringed to spiny; receptacle flat, long-bristly
Flowers: inner fruiting; anther bases tailed, tips oblong; style top minutely hairy, tips minutely branched
Fruit ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, attached ± at side; pappus generally of stiff, unequal bristles or narrow scales
Species in genus: ± 500 species: especially Eurasia, n Africa (± 2 North America); some cultivated (waifs may including C. cineraria L., C. eriophora L., C. jacea L., C. moschata L., C. muricata L., C. salmantica L.)
Etymology: (Greek: ancient name)
Weedy.
| Introduced |
Annual to perennial herb 2–10 dm, often ± mounded, puberulent to ± tomentose
Leaves becoming ± glabrous, resin-dotted; lower 10–20 cm, ± deeply 1–3-lobed
Inflorescence: heads few; involucre 15–20 mm, ovoid; main phyllaries greenish or straw-colored, appendages spiny-fringed at base, tip spine 10–25 mm, stout
Flowers 25–40; corollas 15–24 mm, equal, purple
Fruit 2.5–3.5 mm, white or brown-streaked, glabrous; pappus 0
Chromosomes: 2n=20
Ecology: Disturbed places
Elevation: generally < 1000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, s Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, Southwestern California
Distribution outside California: native to s Europe
Weedy. C. X pouzinii DC. (C. c. X C. aspera L.), with shorter spines and pappus, is established in e SCo (Riverside Co.).