TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Perennial to trees, from membranous bulb, fibrous corm, scaly rhizome, or erect caudex
Stem generally underground
Leaves generally basal, often withering early, alternate, generally ± linear
Inflorescence various, generally bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; perianth often showy, segments generally 6 in two petal-like whorls (outer sometimes sepal-like), free or fused at base; stamens 6 (or 3 + generally 3 ± petal-like staminodes), filaments sometimes attached to perianth or fused into a tube or crown; ovary superior or inferior, chambers 3, placentas generally axile, style generally 1, stigmas generally 3
Fruit: generally capsule, loculicidal or septicidal (berry or nut)
Genera in family: ± 300 genera, 4600 species: especially ± dry temp and subtropical; many cultivated for ornamental or food;some TOXIC . Here includes genera sometimes treated in Agavaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and other families.
Bulb coat generally membranous
Leaves generally linear to lanceolate; basal leaf 1; cauline leaves 0several, smaller upwards
Inflorescence often ± umbel-like; flowers 2many
Flower spheric and closed to nearly rotate; sepals generally < petals, generally ± lanceolate (ovate), generally nearly glabrous; petals generally widely wedge-shaped, generally hairy inside, nectary near base; filaments ± flat, anthers generally attached at base; style 1, stigmas 3
Fruit: capsule, septicidal, generally ± oblong, generally 3-angled or -winged; chambers 3
Seeds many in 2 rows per chamber, generally flat, generally netted, generally ± yellow
Species in genus: ± 65 species: w North America, C.Am; many cultivated. Bulbs of some eaten by native Americans. Nectary shape and hairs important to identification
Etymology: (Greek: beautiful grass)
Reference: [Ness 1989 Syst Bot 14:495505]
Sect. Calochortus by Bryan Ness.
Native |
Stem 2050 cm, slender; base bulblet-bearing
Leaves: basal 1020 cm, persistent
Inflorescence ± umbel-like; flowers 17, erect; bracts 18 cm
Flower: perianth bell-shaped; sepals 2030 mm, long-tapered; petals 2040 mm, deep yellow, generally lined red-brown inside, often with central red-brown blotch inside, sparsely slender-hairy near nectary, nectary not depressed, ± crescent-shaped to oblong, matted-short-hairy
Fruit erect, 36 cm, narrowly lanceolate, angled
Chromosomes: n=7,10
Ecology: Heavy soils in grassland, woodland, mixed-evergreen forest
Elevation: < 700 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Sacramento Valley, Central Western California, n Channel Islands.Interior plants generally n=7; coastal plants generally n=10
Horticultural information: DRN, DRY, SUN: 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; often DFCLT.