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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

BELLIS

Annual, perennial herb
Leaves simple, basal or restricted to lower stem, petioled
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary on slender, ± naked peduncles; involucre hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 equal series; receptacle conic, naked
Ray flowers many; ligules white to pink or purple
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow; style tips flat, triangular
Fruit flat; pappus 0
Species in genus: 7 species: Eur, Medit
Etymology: (Latin: pretty)

Introduced

B. perennis L.

ENGLISH DAISY

Perennial; roots fibrous
Leaves 2–10 cm; blades oblanceolate or obovate, tapered to winged petiole, tip obtuse, margins entire to crenate or serrate, surfaces loosely soft-hairy
Inflorescence: peduncle 2–25 cm, strigose or hairs soft, spreading; phyllaries 3–6 mm, ovate, obtuse, hairs soft, spreading
Ray flowers: ligule 7–10 mm, narrow, white to purple
Disk flowers: corollas ± 2 mm
Fruit 1–1.5 mm, light brown, glabrous
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Lawns, damp, grassy areas
Elevation: generally < 200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Central Western California, Southwestern California
Distribution outside California: native to Europe

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bioregional map for BELLIS%20perennis being generated
 


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