TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Perennial to shrub, dioecious, sometimes aromatic, often ± sticky-resinous
Stems erect, channeled
Leaves cauline, alternate, simple, reduced to bracts above
Inflorescence: heads discoid and disciform, borne in terminal or lateral racemes, panicles or cymes; phyllaries overlapping in several series; receptacle naked or chaffy
Disk flowers generally many, functionally staminate; corollas white to pink-tinged; ovary much reduced; pappus of bristles < involucre
Pistillate flowers generally many; corollas thread-like, ± whitish
Fruit ± cylindric, 410-ribbed; pappus of many bristles > involucre
Species in genus: 250400 species: Am
Etymology: (Latin: Bacchus, god of wine)
[Boldt 1989 Baccharis TX Agric Exp Sta, College Station]
Native |
Shrub < 4 m, glabrous to minutely puberulent, often ± sticky
Stems: main stems generally 1few; branches fewmany, short, spreading or ascending
Leaves: petioles winged; blades < 150 mm, lanceolate, entire to toothed, principal veins 13
Inflorescence: heads in a pyramid-shaped to rounded panicle; involucre hemispheric, of staminate heads (3)46 mm, of pistillate heads 36 mm; phyllaries in 45 series, awl-shaped to lanceolate, irregularly toothed, generally tinged red, glabrous (except ciliate margins), tip obtuse to long-tapered; receptacle flat to convex, smooth, glabrous to tomentose, chaff 0
Staminate flowers (10)1748; corollas (3)46 mm, pappus (3)3.65 mm
Pistillate flowers 50150; corollas 2.23.5 mm
Fruit 0.81.3 mm, glabrous; ribs 5; pappus 4.26 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Canyon bottoms, moist streamsides, irrigation ditches, often forming thickets
Elevation: < 1250 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Central Western California, Southwestern California, Desert
Distribution outside California: to Texas, Mexico, S.America
Flowering time: FebDec
Summer forms (inflorescence terminal, leaves mostly toothed) formerly separated from winter forms (inflorescences lateral, leaves entire)
Synonyms: B. glutinosa Pers.; B. viminea DC
Horticultural information: STBL.