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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

BACCHARIS

Scott Sundberg

Perennial to shrub, dioecious, sometimes aromatic, often ± sticky-resinous
Stems erect, channeled
Leaves cauline, alternate, simple, reduced to bracts above
Inflorescence: heads discoid and disciform, borne in terminal or lateral racemes, panicles or cymes; phyllaries overlapping in several series; receptacle naked or chaffy
Disk flowers generally many, functionally staminate; corollas white to pink-tinged; ovary much reduced; pappus of bristles < involucre
Pistillate flowers generally many; corollas thread-like, ± whitish
Fruit ± cylindric, 4–10-ribbed; pappus of many bristles > involucre
Species in genus: 250–400 species: Am
Etymology: (Latin: Bacchus, god of wine)
[Boldt 1989 Baccharis TX Agric Exp Sta, College Station]

Native

B. plummerae A. Gray

Subshrub or shrub, < 2 m, hairy or glandular (at least inflorescence)
Stems: branches many, slender, wand-like, ascending
Leaves sessile, 8–45 mm, linear to oblanceolate, entire to finely bristle-toothed; base wedge-shaped; principal veins 1–3
Inflorescence: heads in a panicle; involucre bell-shaped, of staminate heads 5–6.5 mm, of pistillate heads 6–8.5 mm; phyllaries in 5–6 series, linear-lanceolate, hairy, glandular, tip acute to long-tapered; receptacle convex, honeycombed, puberulent
Staminate flowers 19–26; corollas 4–7 mm; pappus 3.5–4.5 mm
Pistillate flowers 20–30; corollas 3.5–5 mm
Fruit 2.7–3.6 mm, puberulent; ribs 5; pappus 7–8.5 mm
Ecology: Rocky slopes, woodlands
Elevation: 0–425 m.
Bioregional distribution: Central Coast, Outer South Coast Ranges, South Coast, n Channel Islands, Western Transverse Ranges.

Native

subsp. glabrata Hoover

SAN SIMEON BACCHARIS


Stems with stalked glands
Leaves 8–35 mm, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, entire or toothed; principal vein generally 1(3)
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Shrubby slopes
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: c Central Coast (nw San Luis Obispo Co.).

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