ROSACEAE

ROSE FAMILY

Annual to tree
Leaves simple to pinnately to palmately compound, generally alternate; stipules free to fused, persistent to deciduous
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium free or fused to ovary, saucer- to funnel-shaped, often with bractlets alternate with sepals; sepals generally 5; petals generally 5, free; stamens (0)5–many, pistils (0)1–many, simple or compound; ovary superior to inferior, styles 1–5
Fruit: achene, follicle, drupe, pome, or blackberry- to raspberry-like
Seeds generally 1–5
Genera in family: 110 genera, ± 3000 species: worldwide, especially temp. Many cultivated for ornamental and fruit, especially Cotoneaster , Fragaria , Malus , Prunus , Pyracantha, Rosa , and Rubus
Reference: [Robertson 1974 J Arnold Arbor 55:303–332,344–401,611–662]
Family description, key to genera by Barbara Ertter and Dieter H. Wilken.

AMELANCHIER

SERVICE-BERRY

Dieter H. Wilken

Shrub or small tree
Stem: bark gray- to red-brown; twigs generally short
Leaves alternate or clustered, simple, deciduous; stipules deciduous
Inflorescence: racemes or clusters; flowers 3–16+
Flower: hypanthium bell- to urn-shaped; sepals persistent; petals ascending to erect, white; stamens ± 10–20; ovary inferior, 2–5-chambered, styles 2–5
Fruit: pome, berry-like, generally spheric, blue-black
Species in genus: ± 10 species: temp North America, Eurasia, n Africa. Fr of some species used by native Americans for food
Etymology: (Latin: from old French common name)
Reference: [Jones 1946 Illinois Biol Mongr 20(2):1–126]
Variation in w North America needs further study.

Native

A. utahensis Koehne

UTAH SERVICE-BERRY

Shrub 1–4 m
Stem: twigs glabrous to white-tomentose
Leaf: blade 13–45 mm, 10–45 mm wide, entire to serrate from below middle, dull green below, darker above, glabrous to minutely tomentose; lateral veins 12–24
Inflorescence 1–4 cm; flowers 3–8
Flower: petals 5–11 mm, 1–4 mm wide, elliptic to wedge-shaped; ovary top glabrous to tomentose, styles 2–4(5)
Fruit 4–10 mm diam
Ecology: Open, rocky slopes, scrub, pinyon/juniper woodland, coniferous forest
Elevation: 200–3400 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Southwestern California, East of Sierra Nevada, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Oregon, Montana, Texas, Baja California
Flowering time: Apr–May
Variable; plants from n DMtns generally < 2 m, with twigs and leaves glabrous, have been called var. covillei (Standl.) N.H. Holmgren; plants with petals > 9 mm, leaf blades with < 18 lateral veins, have been called A. pallida Greene
Horticultural information: DRN: 2, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17 &IRR: 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21.