| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, shrubs, trees, generally stellate-hairy; juice sticky; inner bark tough, fibrous
Leaves alternate, simple, petioled; blade generally palmately veined or lobed, stipules present
Inflorescence often leafy; whorl or involucre of bractlets often subtending calyx
Flower generally bisexual, radial; calyx lobes 5, margins abutting in bud; petals 5, free (fused at base to filament tube, so falling together); stamens many, filaments fused into a tube surrounding style, tube fused in turn to petal bases; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 5 or more, style branches, stigmas generally 1 or 2 X as many as chambers
Fruit of 5–many disk- or wedge-shaped segments, loculicidal capsule, or berry
Genera in family: 100 genera, 2000 species: worldwide, especially warm regions; some cultivated (e.g., Abelmoschus , okra; Alcea ; Gossypium , cotton; Hibiscus , Malvaviscus )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include Sterculiaceae [Angiosperm phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553; Alverson et al. 1999 Amer J Bot 86:1474–1486; Bayer et al. 1999 Bot J Linn Soc 129:267–303]
Mature fruit important for identification.
Annual, perennial herb, shrub, stellate-canescent, tomentose, or bristly-hairy
Stem decumbent to erect
Leaf: blade crenate or toothed, cordate, lobes generally 0
Inflorescence: flowers solitary in axils or in leafy panicles; bractlets subtending calyx 0
Flower: petals yellow to reddish; anthers borne at top of filament tube; stigmas head-like
Fruit ± cylindric to ± spheric; segments smooth-sided, beaked, walls firm, sometimes woody, generally not separating, dehiscent ± to base
Seeds 2–9 per fruit segment
Species in genus: 200 species: warm regions
Etymology: (Arabic name)
Reference: [Borssum Waalkes 1966 Blumea 14:159–177]
| Introduced |
Annual
Stem 10–20 dm
Leaf: blade 10–20 cm wide, ovate to round, cordate, velvety (densely stellate and tomentose)
Flower: petals 6–8 mm, yellow
Fruit: segments > 10, > calyx, beaks 3–5 mm, spreading and hooked inward, with long soft hairs
Ecology: Uncommon. Disturbed places
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: Great Central Valley (especially Sacramento Valley), Southwestern California
Distribution outside California: native to s Asia