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	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ZANNICHELLIACEAE

HORNED-PONDWEED FAMILY

Robert F. Thorne

Perennial from slender, creeping rhizome, glabrous, aquatic, submersed, monoecious or dioecious
Stem thread-like, weak
Leaves alternate below to ± whorled and linear above; sheath fused to blade or free, stipule-like
Staminate inflorescence generally below pistillate inflorescence, axillary; flowers 1–3
Pistillate inflorescence terminal, short-stalked; flowers 1–9, sessile, subtended by cup-like bract
Staminate flower: perianth parts 0 or 3 and scale-like; stamens 1–3, filaments free or fused; anther 1–2-chambered
Pistillate flower: perianth parts 0; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovule 1, style 1, simple or 3-lobed
Fruit: achene or nutlet
Genera in family: 4 genera; 9–10 species: ± worldwide
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated in Potamogetonaceae [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553].