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ZANNICHELLIACEAE

HORNED-PONDWEED FAMILY

Robert F. Thorne

Perennial from slender, creeping rhizome, glabrous, aquatic, submersed, monoecious or dioecious
Stem thread-like, weak
Leaves alternate below to ± whorled and linear above; sheath fused to blade or free, stipule-like
Staminate inflorescence generally below pistillate inflorescence, axillary; flowers 1–3
Pistillate inflorescence terminal, short-stalked; flowers 1–9, sessile, subtended by cup-like bract
Staminate flower: perianth parts 0 or 3 and scale-like; stamens 1–3, filaments free or fused; anther 1–2-chambered
Pistillate flower: perianth parts 0; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovule 1, style 1, simple or 3-lobed
Fruit: achene or nutlet
Genera in family: 4 genera; 9–10 species: ± worldwide
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated in Potamogetonaceae [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553].