TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to bamboo-like; roots generally fibrous
Stem generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base
Inflorescence various (of generally many spikelets)
Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally ± transparent, ± enclosed by lemma
Flower generally bisexual, minute; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose
Fruit: achene-like grain
Genera in family: 650900 genera; ± 10,000 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials)
Reference: [Hitchcock 1951 Manual grasses US, USDA Misc Publ 200; Clayton & Renvoise 1986 Kew Bull Add Series 13]
See Glossary p. 26 for illustrations of general family characteristics. Generally wind-pollinated.
Annual, perennial herb
Stems decumbent to erect
Leaves basal and cauline; sheath glabrous or hairy; ligule generally < 1 mm, membrane hairy-fringed; blade generally flat
Inflorescence panicle-like, ± dense; 1° branches spreading to appressed; 2° branches appressed; spikelets many, 12 per node, short-stalked to subsessile, on one side of axis
Spikelet lanceolate, ± compressed, generally green, falling as 1 unit; glumes strongly unequal, lower glume generally 0, fused to spikelet base to form a disk- or cup-like ring between stalk and upper glume, upper glume ± = spikelet; florets 2, lower floret sterile, generally acuminate, palea 0, upper floret fertile, lemma firm or hard, generally wrinkled, margin inrolled, tip short-pointed to awned
Species in genus: ± 30 species: warm temp, tropical, worldwide
Etymology: (Latin: woolly grass)
Reference: [Shaw & Webster 1987 Sida 12:165207]
Native |
Stem 410 dm; nodes 310
Leaf: sheath 413 cm, glabrous; blade generally 620 cm, 620 mm wide, upper surface generally glabrous
Inflorescence: main axis 520 cm; 1° branches 23.5 cm; spikelets 12 per node; stalk 0.52 mm
Spikelet 47 mm (except awn), ± 11.5 mm wide; glume awn ± 13 mm; lower floret lemma 37-veined; upper floret ± 0.6 X lower floret length
Ecology: Seasonal streams, riverbanks
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: Sonoran Desert (Imperial Co.)
Distribution outside California: to s US, n Mexico
Other var. in C.Am
Flowering time: JunNov