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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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POACEAE

GRASS FAMILY

James P. Smith, Jr., except as specified

Annual to bamboo-like; roots generally fibrous
Stem generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base
Inflorescence various (of generally many spikelets)
Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1–many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally ± transparent, ± enclosed by lemma
Flower generally bisexual, minute; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose
Fruit: achene-like grain
Genera in family: 650–900 genera; ± 10,000 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials)
Reference: [Hitchcock 1951 Manual grasses US, USDA Misc Publ 200; Clayton & Renvoise 1986 Kew Bull Add Series 13]
See Glossary p. 26 for illustrations of general family characteristics. Generally wind-pollinated.

BROMUS

BROME

Dieter H. Wilken and Elizabeth L. Painter

Annual to perennial herb
Leaves basal and cauline; sheath closed, generally hairy; ligule generally < 5 mm, membranous, entire to fringed; blade flat to inrolled
Inflorescence generally panicle-like, open to dense; spikelet stalk generally stiff, rigid
Spikelet strongly compressed to cylindric; axis breaking above glumes and between florets; glumes unequal, generally < lower floret, lower generally 1–3-veined, upper 3–7-veined, back rounded to keeled, tip acute; lemmas faintly 5–9-veined, tip generally 2-toothed, short-pointed to straight-awned from between teeth; palea generally < lemma
Species in genus: ± 150 species: temp worldwide
Etymology: (Greek: ancient name)
Reference: [Stebbins 1947 Contr Gray Herb 165:42–55; Wagnon 1952 Brittonia 7:415–480]
Native species need careful study.

Native

B. grandis (Shear) Hitchc.

Perennial 60–150 cm
Leaf: sparsely to densely short-soft-hairy; blade 6–12 mm wide
Inflorescence 14–21 cm, open; branches spreading to nodding
Spikelet compressed, puberulent; lower glume 4–7 mm, generally 3-veined; upper glume 7–9 mm, 3(5)-veined; florets 6–9 mm; lemma body 7–11 mm, back rounded, 5–7-veined, tip minutely lobed, awn 3–6 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Dry, open places, scrub, oak woodland, coniferous forest
Elevation: 400–2300 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Related to B. orcuttianus.

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