TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to bamboo-like; roots generally fibrous
Stem generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base
Inflorescence various (of generally many spikelets)
Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally ± transparent, ± enclosed by lemma
Flower generally bisexual, minute; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose
Fruit: achene-like grain
Genera in family: 650900 genera; ± 10,000 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials)
Reference: [Hitchcock 1951 Manual grasses US, USDA Misc Publ 200; Clayton & Renvoise 1986 Kew Bull Add Series 13]
See Glossary p. 26 for illustrations of general family characteristics. Generally wind-pollinated.
Annual, perennial herb, cespitose
Stem ascending to erect
Leaves basal and cauline; basal often tufted; ligule hairy; blades flat or inrolled
Inflorescence raceme-like or panicle-like; branches spike-like
Spikelet: glumes narrowly lanceolate, thin, 1-veined, awn generally 0; floret 1, breaking above glumes; lemma ± fusiform, hard when mature, 3-veined, tip beak-like or not, awned at tip, awns 3, equal or unequal; palea < lemma, enclosed by lemma, transparent
Fruit narrowly fusiform
Species in genus: ± 300 species: worldwide, arid warm temp. Some species noxious
Etymology: (Latin: awn)
Reference: [Allred 1992 Great Basin Nat 52:4152]
Native |
Perennial
Stem generally erect, unbranched, 1080 cm
Leaf: blade 525 mm, 12 mm wide, generally inrolled
Spikelet: glumes thin, lower 412 mm, upper 725 mm; awns 0.56 cm, equal or central slightly longer
Chromosomes: 2n=22,44,66,88
Ecology: Sandy to rocky soils, slopes, plains
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: South Coast, San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges, East of Sierra Nevada, Desert
Distribution outside California: to sw Canada, Great Plains, AR, n Mexico
Native |
Leaves generally basal; blade 525 cm
Inflorescence 818 cm, narrow, light brown; branches generally erect
Spikelet: lower glume 47 mm, upper 814 mm; lemma 713 mm, 0.10.2 mm wide just below awns; awns 1.52.5 cm, generally 0.1 mm wide at base, delicate
Chromosomes: 2n=22,44
Ecology: Dry slopes, plains, scrub
Elevation: 2002000 m.
Bioregional distribution: South Coast, San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges, Desert
Distribution outside California: to s Utah, Oklahoma, n Mexico
Flowering time: MarMay, Sep
Synonyms: A. glauca (Nees) Walp