Jepson Interchange (more information)
Print edition is available from the University of California Press
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This page is based on the 1993 Jepson Manual.
Please see the Jepson eFlora for up-to-date information about California vascular plants. |
| Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange |
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TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Print edition is available from the University of California Press |
| The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press | |
| See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition |
Annual to bamboo-like; roots generally fibrous
Stem generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base
Inflorescence various (of generally many spikelets)
Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1–many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally ± transparent, ± enclosed by lemma
Flower generally bisexual, minute; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose
Fruit: achene-like grain
Genera in family: 650–900 genera; ± 10,000 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials).[Hitchcock 1951 Manual grasses US, USDA Misc Publ 200; Clayton & Renvoise 1986 Kew Bull Add Series 13] See Glossary p. 26 for illustrations of general family characteristics. Generally wind-pollinated.
Annual, perennial herb, cespitose or from stolons
Stem decumbent to erect, 1–8 dm; nodes visible, brown
Leaves: ligule 1–6 mm, membranous, truncate to acute, generally scabrous; blade flat, glabrous or scabrous
Inflorescence panicle-like, generally cylindric, dense; branches short
Spikelet ± compressed, breaking below glumes, falling as 1 unit; glumes ± equal, generally = spikelet, membranous, generally keeled, keel and lateral veins generally stiff- or appressed-hairy, margins free or fused near base, tip obtuse, acute, or short-awned, 3-veined; floret 1; lemma membranous, margins keeled, sometimes fused near base, truncate to acute, 3–5-veined, awned on back below middle, awn straight or abruptly bent generally at lemma tip; palea generally 0; anthers 0.5–4 mm
Fruit glabrous
Species in genus: ± 35 species: temp North America, Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: fox tail)
Reference: [Rubtzoff 1961 Leafl West Bot 9:165–180]
| Native |
Annual
Stem 1.2–4.5 dm
Leaf: upper sheath inflated; ligule 1.5–5.5 mm; blade 1–8(13) cm, 1–4 mm wide
Inflorescence 1.5–6.5 cm, 5.5–10 mm wide
Spikelet: glumes 3–5 mm; lemma awn bent, exceeding lemma body by 3–5 mm; anthers ± 1 mm
Ecology: Vernal pools, moist, open meadows
Elevation: < 700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, c Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Great Central Valley, Southwestern California
Distribution outside California: to Washington
Synonyms: A. howellii Vasey
| YOU CAN HELP US make sure that our distributional information is correct and current. If you know that a plant occurs in a wild, reproducing state in a Jepson bioregion NOT highlighted on the map, please contact us with that information. Please realize that we cannot incorporate range extensions without access to a voucher specimen, which should (ultimately) be deposited in an herbarium. You can send the pressed, dried collection (with complete locality information indicated) to us (e-mail us for details) or refer us to an accessioned herbarium specimen. Non-occurrence of a plant in an indicated area is difficult to document, but we will especially value your input on those types of possible errors (see automatic conversion of distribution data to maps). |
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