LILIACEAE

LILY FAMILY

Dale W. McNeal, except as specified

Perennial to trees, from membranous bulb, fibrous corm, scaly rhizome, or erect caudex
Stem generally underground
Leaves generally basal, often withering early, alternate, generally ± linear
Inflorescence various, generally bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; perianth often showy, segments generally 6 in two petal-like whorls (outer sometimes sepal-like), free or fused at base; stamens 6 (or 3 + generally 3 ± petal-like staminodes), filaments sometimes attached to perianth or fused into a tube or crown; ovary superior or inferior, chambers 3, placentas generally axile, style generally 1, stigmas generally 3
Fruit: generally capsule, loculicidal or septicidal (berry or nut)
Genera in family: ± 300 genera, 4600 species: especially ± dry temp and subtropical; many cultivated for ornamental or food; some TOXIC. Here includes genera sometimes treated in Agavaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and other families.

FRITILLARIA

FRITILLARY

Bryan D. Ness

Perennial; bulb with 1–several large fleshy scales, 0–many small scales
Stem erect, simple (0 in non-flower plants)
Leaves alternate (or whorled below), sessile, linear to ± ovate (1 "bulb-leaf" in non-flower plants)
Inflorescence: raceme; bracts leaf-like
Flower generally nodding, bell- or cup-shaped; perianth segments 6, of 2 similar whorls; nectaries 6, on perianth parts; stamens 6, included, inserted at perianth base, anthers attached ± near middle; ovary ± sessile, style 1, entire or 3-branched
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, thin walled, ± rounded, 6-angled, or winged, chambers 3
Seeds many, 2 rows per chamber, flat, brownish
Species in genus: ± 100 species: n temp
Etymology: (Latin: dicebox, from fruit shape)
Reference: [Turrill & Sealy 1980 Hooker's Icones Plantarum 34:1–275]
Bulbs of some eaten by Indians of North America
Horticultural information: DRN: for pots or rock gardens; DRY when dormant. Most are very DFCLT.

Native

F. eastwoodiae MacFarl.

BUTTE COUNTY FRITILLARY

Bulb; large scales 2–5; small scales 10–60
Stem 2–8 dm
Leaves in 1–2 whorls of 3–5 below, alternate above, 5–10 cm, linear to narrowly lanceolate, ± glaucous
Flower nodding; perianth parts 1–1.7 cm, flared to barely recurved at tips, narrowly elliptic, pale greenish yellow to ± red; nectary < 1/3 perianth length, lanceolate, green, gold, or yellow; style divided < 1/2, branches barely recurved
Fruit angled
Chromosomes: 2n=24,34,36
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Dry benches and slopes
Elevation: generally 500–1500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Cascade Range (Shasta, Tehama, Butte cos.)
Synonyms: F. phaeanthera Eastw., not Purdy
Reference: [MacFarlane 1978 Madroño 25:93–100]
Horticultural information: DRN, DRY, SHD: 3, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17; DFCLT.