TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual or perennial herb, often rhizomed, often of wet open places, generally monoecious; roots fibrous, hairy
Stem generally 3-sided
Leaves often 3-ranked; sheath generally closed; ligule generally 0; blade (0) various, parallel-veined
Inflorescence: spikelets variously clustered; flowers generally sessile in axil of flower bract
Flower small, generally wind-pollinated; perianth 0 or bristle-like; stamens generally 3, anthers attached at base, 4-chambered; ovary superior, 1-chambered, 1-ovuled, style 23-branched
Fruit: achene, generally 3-sided
Genera in family: ± 110 genera, 3600 species: worldwide, especially temp
Reference: [Tucker 1987 J Arnold Arbor 68:361445]
Difficult: taxa differ in technical characters of inflorescence and fruit.
Annual or perennial herb, rhizomed or not; roots fibrous
Stem generally erect, 3-angled or cylindric, solid
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, 3-ranked; sheaths closed; ligule 0 or present; blades linear, sometimes vestigial and scale-like
Inflorescence panicle- or head-like; bracts 1several, leaf- or ± stem-like; spikelets 1many, generally many-flowered; flower bracts spiraled, generally ovate, scale-like
Flower bisexual; perianth bristles generally < and hidden by flower bracts, generally ± straight, generally slender, generally stiff, generally persistent on fruit, generally finely spined or fringed, sometimes 0 or vestigial; stamens generally 3; style 1, ribbon- or thread-like, stigmas 23, generally exserted
Fruit: achene, generally obovoid, lenticular or ± 23-angled, generally beaked, not tubercled
Species in genus: ± 200 species: generally wet sites, worldwide. Some species mistaken for Eleocharis
Recent taxonomic note: *CA plants treated as Amphiscirpus, Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, Trichophorum [Browning et al. 1995 Brittonia 47:433445; Smith 1995 Novon 5:97102]
Introduced |
Perennial < 80 cm, cespitose; rhizome short, obscured by stems
Stems erect, crowded, 24 mm wide, sharply 3-angled
Leaves ± basal; sheaths prominent; blades vestigial or 0
Inflorescence head-like; spikelets 110(25), 612 mm, 45 mm wide; bract 2.513 cm, generally bent to side, stiff, stem-like; flower bract 33.5 mm, glabrous, brown, generally with wide, green stripe along midrib, tip abruptly pointed
Flower: perianth bristles 6, ± = fruit; stigmas 3
Fruit ± 2 mm, ± compressed, obtusely 3-angled, with many, low, transverse ridges
Ecology: Wet places, rice-fields
Elevation: < 150 m.
Bioregional distribution: Outer North Coast Ranges, Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast
Distribution outside California: to c&e US; native to Eurasia
Recent taxonomic note: *Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla