TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual or perennial herb, often rhizomed, often of wet open places, generally monoecious; roots fibrous, hairy
Stem generally 3-sided
Leaves often 3-ranked; sheath generally closed; ligule generally 0; blade (0) various, parallel-veined
Inflorescence: spikelets variously clustered; flowers generally sessile in axil of flower bract
Flower small, generally wind-pollinated; perianth 0 or bristle-like; stamens generally 3, anthers attached at base, 4-chambered; ovary superior, 1-chambered, 1-ovuled, style 23-branched
Fruit: achene, generally 3-sided
Genera in family: ± 110 genera, 3600 species: worldwide, especially temp
Reference: [Tucker 1987 J Arnold Arbor 68:361445]
Difficult: taxa differ in technical characters of inflorescence and fruit.
Annual or perennial herb, cespitose
Stem round, slender, solid, ridged and grooved
Leaves several, basal; bases sheathing, margins wide, scarious; blades 0 to linear, flat, folded, or upcurled
Inflorescence: spikelets in terminal, panicle-like clusters; flower bracts spiraled, deciduous
Flowers bisexual; perianth bristles 0; stamens generally 3; style 23-branched, generally fringed below branches, widest at base, deciduous
Fruit 23-sided or round, surface cells ± square or horizontally elongate
Species in genus: ± 200 species: worldwide
Etymology: (Latin: fringed style)
Reference: [Kral 1971 Sida 4:57227]
Introduced |
Annual < 5 dm
Stem = or > leaves, ± flat
Leaves 2-ranked
Inflorescence: spikelet long-peduncled, nearly round, obtuse; flower bracts glabrous, fruiting bracts widely ovate, generally dark brown with paler or greenish midribs, tips obtuse to notched
Flower: style 3-branched, entire to weakly fringed below branches
Fruit ± 1 mm, obovate, ± 3-sided, 3-ridged, pale brown
Chromosomes: 2n=10
Ecology: Rice fields
Elevation: > 300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Great Central Valley
Distribution outside California: native to Old World tropical, widespread alien
Collected in SnFrB in 1866.