Jepson Interchange (more information)
Print edition is available from the University of California Press
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This page is based on the 1993 Jepson Manual.
Please see the Jepson eFlora for up-to-date information about California vascular plants. |
| Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange |
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TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Print edition is available from the University of California Press |
| The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press | |
| See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition |
Annual or perennial herb, often rhizomed, often of wet open places, generally monoecious; roots fibrous, hairy
Stem generally 3-sided
Leaves often 3-ranked; sheath generally closed; ligule generally 0; blade (0) various, parallel-veined
Inflorescence: spikelets variously clustered; flowers generally sessile in axil of flower bract
Flower small, generally wind-pollinated; perianth 0 or bristle-like; stamens generally 3, anthers attached at base, 4-chambered; ovary superior, 1-chambered, 1-ovuled, style 2–3-branched
Fruit: achene, generally 3-sided
Genera in family: ± 110 genera, 3600 species: worldwide, especially temp
Reference: [Tucker 1987 J Arnold Arbor 68:361–445]
Difficult: taxa differ in technical characters of inflorescence and fruit.
Perennial, cespitose or from rhizomes, generally monoecious
Stem generally sharply 3-angled, generally solid
Leaves 3-ranked, generally glabrous except generally scabrous on midrib, margin; sheath closed, back (blade side of stem) green, ribbed, front generally thin, translucent, forming generally U-shaped mouth at top
Inflorescence: spikelets generally several–many, arrayed in raceme, panicle, or head-like cluster, each 1–many-flowered, generally subtended by a spikelet bract
Flowers unisexual, each subtended by 1 flower bract; perianth 0
Staminate flower: stamens generally 3
Pistillate flower enclosed by perigynium (sac-like bract); perigynium body 2–3-sided or round, wall generally delicate; perigynium beak tip open, often notched; style 1, generally deciduous, stigmas 2–4, exserted
Fruit 2–4-sided
Etymology: (Latin: cutter, from sharp leaf and stem edges)
Reference: [Standley 1985 Syst Bot Monogr 7:1–106]
Fully mature perigynia needed for identification, so are described under "FR" (long-persistent perigynia are often atypical); perigynium "front" faces spikelet axis; "fruit" refers to achene body (excluding beak). "Shredding" lower leaf sheath fronts become a network or fringe of veins; some others shred longitudinally only. Difficult because of many species and minute key characters; longer key statements and descriptions are designed to enhance both ease and probability of correct identification. Group descriptions are assumed in specific descriptionsHorticultural information: Many species especially those with rhizomes are INVASIVE. This is one of the most effective genera for knitting moist or wet soil.
| Native |
(Group 8)
Stem: edges ± blunt
Leaf: blade 0.7–4 mm wide
Inflorescence: spikelets 3–15.5 mm, ± star-shaped, base of terminal narrowly tapered; lowest spikelet bract << inflorescence; staminate flower bracts of terminal spikelet appressed, internodes between them 2/3–3/4 their length; pistillate flower bract brown, white-margined, generally acute
Fruit: perigynium spreading to reflexed, 2.4–4.8 mm, 0.8–2 mm wide, widest ± at base, green to brown, lower wall filled with pithy tissue, beak 0.8–2 mm, > or ± = body, sparsely serrate, tip brownish, 0.8–2 mm to fruit top
Ecology: Wet places, especially sphagnum bogs
Elevation: < 3200 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Central Coast, San Bernardino Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, e N.America
| Native |
Leaf: blade 1–3.3 mm at widest
Inflorescence generally open, 0.7–7.8 cm
Fruit: perigynium 2.4–4 mm, ± abruptly narrowed above, front generally unveined, with bulge of pithy tissue below fruit, body margin generally serrate, beak tip to fruit top generally 1–1.5 mm; fruit 1.1–1.6 mm, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, ± round
Chromosomes: 2n=50,52,58
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: < 3200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, e N.America
Synonyms: C. angustior Mack., C. ormantha (Fernald) Mack.; C. muricata L. misapplied
| YOU CAN HELP US make sure that our distributional information is correct and current. If you know that a plant occurs in a wild, reproducing state in a Jepson bioregion NOT highlighted on the map, please contact us with that information. Please realize that we cannot incorporate range extensions without access to a voucher specimen, which should (ultimately) be deposited in an herbarium. You can send the pressed, dried collection (with complete locality information indicated) to us (e-mail us for details) or refer us to an accessioned herbarium specimen. Non-occurrence of a plant in an indicated area is difficult to document, but we will especially value your input on those types of possible errors (see automatic conversion of distribution data to maps). |
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