TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrub or vine (generally per in CA)
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, generally alternate, entire to compound; stipules generally small
Inflorescence: head, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary; peduncle bractlets 2
Flower generally bisexual, generally bilateral; sepals 5, free to slightly fused, generally persistent; petals 5, free, lowest generally spurred or pouched at base; stamens generally 5, alternate petals, filaments short, wide, anthers surrounding ovary, adherent or fused, often with nectaries at base, often with membranous appendage at tip; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas 3, parietal, ovules generally many, style 1
Fruit: generally capsule, 3-valved, generally explosively dehiscent
Seeds generally appendaged
Genera in family: 15 genera, 600 species: generally temp, worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental; some Eur species medicinally useful as emetics, diuretics, purgatives
Reference: [Brizicky 1961 J Arnold Arbor 42:321333]
Annual or perennial herb < 35 cm, glabrous to hairy
Leaf entire to compound
Inflorescence: flower generally solitary, axillary
Flower bilateral; sepals subequal, appendaged at base; petals unequal, lowest spurred or pouched at base, lateral 2 equal, generally spreading, often hairy near base, upper 2 equal, erect; lower 2 stamens with nectaries projecting into spur
Fruit: capsule, ovoid to oblong
Etymology: (Latin: ancient name)
Reference: [Clausen 1964 Madroño 17:173197]
Cleistogamous flowers generally present. Seeds often dispersed by ants that feed on seed-appendages.
Native |
Plant 334 mm
Stem erect from scaly, spreading rhizome, glabrous or hairy
Leaves simple; basal 04, petiole 25270 mm, blade 213 cm wide, generally wider than long; cauline only near stem tip, ovate to widely reniform, ± entire to crenate or serrate, thin, tips generally acute
Inflorescence: peduncles only from upper axils, 2080 mm
Flower: petals deep yellow, lowest (including spur) 616 mm, lower 3 veined purple, lateral 2 bearded
Fruit 717 mm, glabrous
Chromosomes: n=12
Ecology: Damp, wet, or shady places in forests, streambanks, etc.
Elevation: 02600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Warner Mountains
Synonyms: V. californica M.S. Baker
Horticultural information: IRR or WET, DRN: 4, 5, 6, 17 &SHD: 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 15, 16, 18; occasionally. INV.