TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to (soft-wooded) trees, glabrous or stinging-hairy, monoecious or dioecious
Leaves alternate or opposite, generally stipuled, petioled, often with embedded crystals
Inflorescence various, axillary
Flowers generally unisexual, small, greenish; sepals generally 45, free to fused; petals 0
Staminate flower: stamens generally 45, opposite sepals, in bud incurved, then springing out
Pistillate flower: ovary 1, superior, chamber 1, style 01, stigma 1, generally hair-tufted
Fruit: generally achene (drupe)
Genera in family: 50 genera, 700 species: worldwide; some cultivated (Boehmeria ; Pilea , clearweed)
Reference: [Miller 1971 J Arnold Arb 52:4068]
Wind-pollinated.
Annual to shrub, weak, stinging-hairy or not, monoecious or dioecious
Leaves opposite, lanceolate to cordate, toothed, prominently 35-veined from base; crystals round to elongate
Inflorescence head-, raceme-, or panicle-like
Staminate flower: sepals 4, ± free, green, sharp-bristly; stamens 4
Pistillate flower: sepals 4, ± free, outer 2 < inner 2
Fruit lenticular to deltate, enclosed by 2 inner sepals
Species in genus: ± 50 species: especially temp
Etymology: (Latin: to burn, from stinging hairs)
Reference: [Woodland 1982 Syst Bot 7:282290]
Native |
Perennial 1030 dm, from rhizome, ± erect
Leaf: blade generally > 40 mm, narrowly lanceolate to widely ovate, base tapered to cordate
Inflorescence spike-, raceme-, or panicle-like, 17 cm, generally > petiole, with only staminate or pistillate flowers
Fruit ovate
Ecology: Streambanks, margins of deciduous woodlands, moist waste places
Elevation: < 3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province, White and Inyo Mountains, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: US, Canada, n Mexico, Eurasia
Ssp. d. dioecious, native to Eurasia; naturalized in North America including CA.
Native |
Generally monoecious
Stem 1030 dm, gray-green; nonstinging hairs (stem and lower leaf surface) moderate to dense
Chromosomes: 2n=26
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: < 3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (± except Northwestern California), White and Inyo Mountains, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: w US, n Mexico
Flowering time: JunSep
Synonyms: U. h. Nutt.; U. serra Blume misapplied