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SOLANACEAE

NIGHTSHADE FAMILY

Michael Nee

Annual to shrub
Leaves generally simple, generally alternate, generally petioled; stipules 0; blade entire to deeply lobed
Inflorescence various
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla ± radial, cylindric to rotate, lobes generally 5; stamens 5, alternate corolla lobes; ovary superior, generally 2-chambered, style 1
Fruit: berry or capsule, 2–5-chambered
Genera in family: 75 genera, 3000 species: worldwide, especially ± tropical; many alien weeds in CA; many cultivated for food, drugs, or ornamental (potato, tomato, peppers, tobacco, petunia); many TOXIC.

SOLANUM

NIGHTSHADE

Annual to shrub or vine, often glandular, sometimes prickly
Leaves alternate to subopposite, often unequal, entire to deeply pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: panicle or umbel-like, often 1-sided
Flower: calyx ± bell-shaped; corolla ± rotate, white to purple; anthers free, > filaments, oblong or tapered, opening by 2 pores or short slits near tip; ovary 2-chambered, style 1, stigma head-like
Fruit: berry, generally spheric (or dry, capsule-like)
Seeds many, compressed, generally reniform
Species in genus: ± 1500 species: worldwide, especially tropical Am
Etymology: (Latin: quieting, from narcotic properties)
Reference: [Symon 1981 J Adelaide Bot Gard 4:1–367]
Many cultivated for food (including potato, S. tuberosum ), ornamental; many TOXIC.

Native

S. parishii A. Heller

Perennial to subshrub < 10 dm, much-branched, glabrous to sparsely hairy
Stem angled to ribbed
Leaf 2–7 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, entire to wavy, tapered to base
Inflorescence ± umbel-like; pedicels 13–18 mm, > peduncle
Flower: calyx 4 mm; corolla 17–22 mm wide, generally blue-purple (white), lobes << tube; anthers 3.5–5 mm
Fruit 7–10 mm diam
Seed ± 2 mm
Ecology: Dry chaparral, oak/pine woodland, pine forest
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except Great Central Valley), Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: s Oregon, Baja California
May hybridize with S. xanti ; needs study
Horticultural information: DRN, SUN: 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; DFCLT.

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